OPOTA SPO DCSO

"Describe the importance of peace officer training."

"Peace officer training is important because it is mandated by state law, provides new knowledge and skills, increases efficiency, builds confidence and morals, promotes safety and survival skills, helps reduce errors in law enforcement tasks, reduces civil liability, and removes those who do not meet training standards."

"Explain the relationship between Student Performance Objectives (SPOs) and the State Certification Examination (SCE)."

"Only Student Performance Objectives (SPOs) can be the basis of test questions on the State Certification Examination (SCE), and every SPO may be the basis of a test question."

"List the main goals of a Peace Officer."

"The main goals of a Peace Officer include protecting civil rights and liberties, following agency vision and policies, providing unbiased services to the public, preserving public peace, preventing crime, and enforcing criminal laws."

"Evaluate decision-making factors for peace officer discretion."

"Peace officers must consider the uniqueness of each situation, the severity of the offense, potential societal harm, and the vulnerability of victims, guided by agency policy and culture."

"Appraise considerations for off-duty peace officer behavior."

"Officers should recognize public safety concerns, call for police services when necessary, be good witnesses, and avoid inappropriate behaviors that could undermine public trust."

"Differentiate the concepts of the Problem Analysis Triangle."

"The Problem Analysis Triangle consists of a suitable target, a lack of suitable guardians, and a motivated offender, suggesting that crime occurs when these elements converge."

"Describe the core concepts of police legitimacy in relation to community involvement."

"Police legitimacy is the public belief that law enforcement has the authority to maintain order and enforce laws justly, which is shaped by community involvement, procedural justice, and positive interactions."

"State the purpose of the Bill of Rights."

"The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to protect individual freedoms and prevent government interference in protected rights."

"Identify the major components of the Criminal Justice System."

"The major components of the Criminal Justice System include Law Enforcement, Courts, and Corrections."

"List the goals of sentencing."

"The goals of sentencing include punishing the offender, protecting society, and restoring the victim as much as possible."

"Distinguish between lawful actions and policy legitimacy."

"Lawful actions are defined by laws and standards, while policy legitimacy refers to the public perception of police authority and fairness in exercising power."

"Identify three judgments of police legitimacy that lead to positive outcomes."

"Judgments include public trust in police honesty, willingness to defer to law enforcement, and belief that police actions are morally justified, leading to community cooperation."

"Determine when it is permissible for citizens to film police."

"Citizens can film police when at least one party consents or when officers are performing their duties in public without interference."

"Identify the relationship between race, genetics, and physical characteristics."

"Race is a modern concept based on observable physical characteristics, not genetics, as humans are genetically similar and traits are inherited independently."

"Differentiate the types of racism."

"Types of racism include individual (internalized prejudice), interpersonal (between individuals), institutional (within institutions), and structural (collective societal history)."

"Identify the components of bias."

"Components of bias include stereotypes (generalizations), prejudice (negative judgments), and attitudes (feelings towards individuals or groups)."

"Differentiate bias-based profiling from criminal profiling."

"Bias-based profiling involves unequal treatment based on characteristics like race, while criminal profiling is based on observed behaviors and characteristics."

"Explain explicit and implicit biases."

"Explicit bias is a conscious preference for a social category, while implicit bias is an unconscious preference based on stereotypes, both affecting behavior."

"Differentiate between System 1 and System 2 thinking."

"System 1 thinking is automatic, unconscious, and fast, while System 2 thinking is deliberate, conscious, and slower."

"Identify strategies to counter implicit biases."

"Strategies include recognizing biases, seeking awareness, engaging in deliberative processing, and developing new associations through positive interactions."

"Recognize the community bank account concept in procedural justice."

"Every police encounter is either a deposit (positive) or withdrawal (negative) affecting public trust and police legitimacy."

"Apply the four concepts of procedural justice."

"The four concepts are giving others a voice, demonstrating neutrality, providing respectful treatment, and establishing trustworthiness."

"Explain the ethical responsibilities of peace officers."

"Peace officers have ethical responsibilities to their community, agency, family, and themselves, as outlined in professional codes of ethics."

"List external and internal influences on officer behavior."

"External influences include relationships, media, and department regulations; internal influences include personal beliefs, emotions, and rationalizations."

"Explain the Continuum of Compromise in officer ethics."

"The Continuum of Compromise describes the subtle transformation from an idealistic officer to an unethical one, beginning with perceived victimization and leading to entitlement and misconduct."

"Explain the steps in the decision-making model using PLUS filters."

"The steps include defining the problem, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, implementing it, and evaluating the outcome, using PLUS filters for each step."

"List the general elements of a crime."

"The general elements of a crime include a prohibited act (actus reus), a specific mental intent (mens rea), concurrence, and causation."

"Define the culpable mental states: purposely, knowingly, recklessly, and negligently."

"Purposely involves specific intent to cause a result; knowingly means awareness of probable outcomes; recklessly shows disregard for risks; negligently indicates failure to perceive risks."

"Identify the elements of the offense of Attempt to Commit an Offense."

"It is a crime to purposefully or knowingly engage in conduct that would constitute an offense if successful."

"List the elements of Aggravated Murder according to R.C. Chapter 2903."

"Aggravated Murder elements include purposely causing death with prior calculation, during violent felonies, or against specific vulnerable victims."

"Differentiate between Murder and Voluntary Manslaughter under R.C. Chapter 2903."

"Murder involves purposeful killing, while Voluntary Manslaughter occurs under sudden passion provoked by the victim."

"Identify the elements of Involuntary Manslaughter."

"Involuntary Manslaughter occurs when a death results from committing or attempting to commit a felony or misdemeanor."

"Explain the offense of Reckless Homicide."

"Reckless Homicide involves recklessly causing the death of another person."

"Define Aggravated Vehicular Homicide."

"Aggravated Vehicular Homicide occurs when a person causes death while operating a vehicle in violation of specific laws."

"Identify the offense of Vehicular Assault."

"Vehicular Assault involves causing serious physical harm while operating a vehicle in violation of laws."

"Define vehicular assault as per R. C. 2903.08(A)(2)(a)."

"Vehicular assault occurs when a person, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle, motorcycle, snowmobile, locomotive, watercraft, or aircraft, recklessly causes serious physical harm to another person or another’s unborn."

"Explain the strict liability aspect of vehicular assault in a construction zone under R. C. 2903.08(A)(3)."

"Under R. C. 2903.08(A)(3), a person operating a vehicle in a construction zone can be held strictly liable for causing serious physical harm to another person or their unborn as a result of committing a speeding offense."

"Describe the elements of felonious assault according to R. C. 2903.11(A)."

"Felonious assault involves knowingly causing serious physical harm to another person or their unborn, or attempting to cause such harm using a deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance."

"List the actions prohibited under R. C. 2903.11(B) regarding sexual conduct and HIV status."

"Under R. C. 2903.11(B), a person who knows they are a carrier of HIV must not engage in sexual conduct without disclosing their status, engage with someone who lacks the mental capacity to understand, or engage with a person under 18 who is not their spouse."

"What constitutes aggravated assault under R. C. 2903.12(A)?"

"Aggravated assault occurs when a person knowingly causes serious physical harm to another or their unborn while under the influence of sudden passion or rage provoked by the victim."

"Define assault as per R. C. 2903.13(A)."

"Assault is defined as knowingly causing or attempting to cause physical harm to another person or their unborn."

"Explain negligent assault under R. C. 2903.14(A)."

"Negligent assault occurs when a person negligently causes physical harm to another or their unborn using a deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance."

"Describe aggravated menacing as defined in R. C. 2903.21(A)."

"Aggravated menacing involves knowingly causing another person to believe that the offender will cause serious physical harm to them, their unborn, or a family member."

"What actions are prohibited under menacing by stalking according to R. C. 2903.211(A)(1)?"

"Menacing by stalking prohibits engaging in a pattern of conduct that knowingly causes another to believe the offender will cause serious physical harm to them or their family members."

"List the elements of kidnapping as per R. C. 2905.01(A)."

"Kidnapping involves using force, threat, or deception to hold someone for ransom, inflict harm, engage in non-consensual sexual activity, obstruct government functions, or hold someone in involuntary servitude."

"Explain the definition of sexual conduct according to SPO #3."

"Sexual conduct includes vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, fellatio, cunnilingus, and any insertion into the vaginal or anal opening of another."

"Define sexual contact"

"Sexual contact refers to any touching of an erogenous zone of another person for sexual arousal or gratification."

"What is the definition of sexual activity according to SPO #5?"

"Sexual activity encompasses both sexual conduct and sexual contact."

"Describe the elements of rape under R. C. 2907.02(A)(1)."

"Rape involves engaging in sexual conduct with another who is not the spouse of the offender under circumstances that impair the victim's ability to resist or consent."

"Explain the strict liability aspect of sexual battery under R. C. 2907.03(A)."

"Sexual battery occurs when a person engages in sexual conduct with someone not their spouse, using coercion or taking advantage of the victim's impaired ability to resist."

"What constitutes unlawful sexual conduct with a minor under R. C. 2907.04(A)?"

"Unlawful sexual conduct with a minor occurs when a person 18 or older engages in sexual conduct with someone aged 13 to less than 16, knowing or being reckless about the minor's age."

"Define gross sexual imposition as per R. C. 2907.05(A)(1)."

"Gross sexual imposition involves having sexual contact with another person not the spouse of the offender, using force or threat to compel submission."

"What actions are prohibited under voyeurism according to R. C. 2907.08(A)?"

"Voyeurism prohibits secretly invading another's privacy to spy or eavesdrop for sexual arousal or gratification."

"Describe public indecency as defined in R. C. 2907.09(A)."

"Public indecency involves recklessly exposing private parts or engaging in sexual conduct in a manner likely to be viewed by others."

"Explain the elements of endangering children under R. C. 2919.22(A)."

"Endangering children occurs when a person responsible for a child recklessly creates a substantial risk to the child's health or safety by violating care duties."

"Describe the offense of Endangering Children under R. C. 2919.22(C)."

"No person shall operate a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley in Ohio while one or more children under the age of 18 are present, in violation of R. C. 4511.19 (OVI), under strict liability."

"Explain the elements of Interference with Custody under R. C. 2919.23(A)(1)-(3)."

"No person shall entice, take, keep, or harbor a child under 18, or a mentally or physically handicapped child under 21, from their parent, guardian, or custodian without privilege or recklessly."

"How does R. C. 2919.23(B) define aiding a child in leaving custody?"

"No person shall recklessly aid, abet, induce, cause, or encourage a child or ward of the juvenile court to leave custody without legal consent."

"Define the offense of Contributing to Unruliness or Delinquency of a Child under R. C. 2919.24(B)."

"No person, including a parent or guardian, shall recklessly aid, abet, induce, or contribute to a child becoming unruly or delinquent."

"Identify objective evidence of a hate or bias-motivated crime."

"Evidence includes differences in race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity between offender and victim, bias-related comments, visible symbols of hatred, and community perceptions."

"Explain the elements of Ethnic Intimidation under R. C. 2927.12."

"No person shall violate specific sections of the Revised Code when motivated by the race, color, religion, or national origin of another person or group."

"List the ways a person can commit Theft under R. C. 2913.02(A)."

"A person can commit theft by obtaining control over property or services without consent, beyond consent, by deception, by threat, or by intimidation."

"Describe Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle under R. C. 2913.03(A)."

"No person shall knowingly use or operate a vehicle without the consent of the owner or authorized person."

"What constitutes Unauthorized Use of Property under R. C. 2913.04(A)?"

"No person shall knowingly use or operate the property of another without the consent of the owner or authorized person."

"Explain the offense of Passing Bad Checks under R. C. 2913.11(B)."

"No person shall knowingly issue a check with the purpose to defraud, knowing it will be dishonored or that a stop payment has been ordered."

"Define Misuse of Credit Cards under R. C. 2913.21(A)."

"No person shall purposely practice deception to procure a credit card or buy/sell a credit card from someone other than the issuer."

"Identify the elements of Forgery under R. C. 2913.31(A)."

"No person shall forge any writing of another without authority, or forge a writing to appear genuine when it is not."

"What actions are prohibited under Identity Fraud according to R. C. 2913.49(B)?"

"No person shall use or obtain another's personal identifying information without consent, intending to misrepresent that information as their own."

"Describe the offense of Receiving Stolen Property under R.C. 2913.51(A)."

"No person shall knowingly receive or retain property of another, knowing it was obtained through theft."

"Explain the elements of Robbery under R. C. 2911.02(A)."

"No person shall have a deadly weapon or inflict/threaten physical harm while attempting or committing a theft offense."

"What constitutes Criminal Trespass under R. C. 2911.21(A)(1)?"

"No person shall knowingly enter or remain on another's land or premises without privilege."

"Define Aggravated Trespass under R. C. 2911.211(A)."

"No person shall purposely enter or remain on another's land with the intent to commit a misdemeanor involving physical harm."

"Identify the elements of Arson under R. C. 2909.03(A)(1)."

"No person shall knowingly cause a substantial risk of physical harm to another's property by means of fire or explosion without consent."

"Explain the offense of Vandalism under R. C. 2909.05(A)."

"No person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to a property structure or its contents."

"What actions are prohibited under Criminal Mischief according to R. C. 2909.07(A)(1)?"

"No person shall knowingly damage or tamper with the property of another without privilege."

"Describe the offense of Disorderly Conduct under R. C. 2917.11(A)."

"No person shall recklessly cause inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm through fighting, unreasonable noise, or other disruptive behaviors."

"Explain the elements of Misconduct at Emergency under R. C. 2917.13(A)."

"No person shall knowingly hamper lawful operations of emergency personnel or fail to obey lawful orders at an emergency scene."

"Identify the actions that constitute Telecommunications Harassment under R. C. 2917.21(A)."

"No person shall knowingly make telecommunications to harass, intimidate, or abuse another, or disrupt their service without lawful purpose."

"Describe the purpose of R. C. 2917.21(B)(1) regarding telecommunications harassment."

"It prohibits any person from making or causing a telecommunication to be made with the intent to abuse, threaten, or harass another person."

"Explain the conditions under which R. C. 2917.21(B)(2) applies."

"It applies when a person knowingly posts a text, audio statement, or image on an internet website with the intent to abuse, threaten, or harass another person."

"Define the criteria for disseminating an image of another person under R. C. 2917(B)."

"The criteria include that the person in the image is 18 or older, identifiable, in a state of nudity or engaged in a sexual act, the image is shared without consent, and with intent to harm."

"What actions are prohibited under R. C. 2917.32 regarding false alarms?"

"It prohibits initiating or circulating false reports of emergencies, causing false alarms to be transmitted, or reporting non-existent offenses to law enforcement."

"List the elements of bribery as defined in R. C. 2921.02(A)."

"It includes promising, offering, or giving a valuable benefit to corrupt or improperly influence a public servant regarding their duties."

"Describe the offense of perjury as stated in R. C. 2921.11(A)."

"It involves knowingly making a false statement under oath or affirming the truth of a previously made false statement in an official proceeding."

"Explain the concept of tampering with evidence under R. C. 2921.12(A)."

"It involves altering, destroying, or concealing evidence with the intent to impair its value or mislead a public official in an investigation."

"What constitutes obstructing official business according to R. C. 2921.31(A)?"

"It is any act that hampers a public official in performing their lawful duties without privilege and with intent to obstruct."

"Define the term 'deadly weapon' as per the legal definition provided."

"A deadly weapon is any instrument capable of inflicting death, designed or adapted for use as a weapon, or used as such."

"Describe what a firearm is according to the legal definition."

"A firearm is any deadly weapon capable of expelling projectiles by the action of an explosive or combustible propellant."

"What is the definition of a handgun as per the legal terminology?"

"A handgun is a firearm designed to be held and fired with one hand, having a short stock."

"Explain the characteristics of a semi-automatic firearm."

"A semi-automatic firearm is designed to fire a single cartridge and automatically chamber the next cartridge with a single trigger function."

"What defines a sawed-off firearm under the law?"

"A sawed-off firearm is a shotgun with a barrel less than 18 inches or a rifle with a barrel less than 16 inches."

"Describe what constitutes dangerous ordnance according to the legal definition."

"Dangerous ordnance includes automatic or sawed-off firearms, explosive devices, and military-designed weapons."

"What actions are prohibited under R. C. 4301.62 regarding opened containers of alcohol?"

"It prohibits possessing an opened container of beer or intoxicating liquor in certain public places or while operating a vehicle."

"Explain the offense of purchasing alcohol by persons under 21 as stated in R. C. 4301.63."

"It prohibits individuals under 21 from purchasing beer or intoxicating liquor."

"What is the consequence of furnishing false information to obtain alcohol for someone under 21 as per R. C. 4301.633?"

"It is illegal to knowingly provide false identification information to help someone under 21 obtain alcohol."

"Describe the legal implications of consuming alcohol in a motor vehicle under R. C. 4301.64."

"It is prohibited to consume beer or intoxicating liquor in a motor vehicle unless exceptions apply."

"What does R. C. 4301.69 state about underage persons and alcohol consumption?"

"It prohibits selling, furnishing, or allowing underage persons to consume alcohol unless under specific circumstances."

"Explain the legal responsibilities of parents or guardians regarding underage alcohol consumption as per R. C. 4301.69(F)."

"They must not permit minors to violate laws concerning underage alcohol offenses."

"What actions are prohibited under R. C. 4507.30 regarding identification cards?"

"It prohibits displaying or possessing fictitious identification, lending to unauthorized persons, or failing to surrender suspended or canceled IDs."

"Describe the restrictions on carrying concealed weapons according to R. C. 2923.12(A)."

"No person shall knowingly carry or have concealed a deadly weapon other than a handgun, a handgun other than a dangerous ordinance, or a dangerous ordinance, unless otherwise excepted."