lower and upper limb ligaments

ligaments of the shoulder

glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior (anterior posterior bands and axillary pouch)), coracohumeral

superior glenohumeral ligament resists what actions

external rotation, inferior and anterior translation of the humeral head

middle glenohumeral ligament resists which actions

anterior translation of humeral head, external rotation

inferior glenohumeral ligament, anterior band, resists which actions

at 90 degrees abduction, full external rotation, anterior translation of humeral head

inferior glenohumeral ligament, posterior band, resists which actions

at 90 degrees abduction, full internal rotation

inferior glenohumeral ligament, axillary pouch, resists which actions

at 90 degrees abduction, anterior-posterior and inferior translation of humeral head

coracohumeral ligament resists which actions

inferior translation of humeral head, external rotation

ligaments of the elbow

medial collateral, radial collateral, annular

anterior fibers of medial collateral ligament resists which actions

valgus motion, anterior fibers tense during extension

posterior fibers of medial collateral ligament resists which actions

valgus motion, posterior fibers tense during flexion

radial collateral ligament resists which actions

varus motion

annular ligament resists which actions

prevents lateral translation of radius

transverse fibers of medial collateral ligament resists which actions

add limited stability

ligaments of the wrist

dorsal radiocarpal, radial collateral, palmar radiocarpal, triangular fibrocatilage complex, palmar carpal ligament, transverse carpal (flexor retinaculum)

dorsal radiocarpal function

prevents anterior dislocation of lunate

radial collateral ligament function

contributes to lateral stability of wrist (mostly muscles do this)

palmar radiocarpal ligament function

overall mechanical stability of wrist

ligaments that make up the triangular fibrocartilage complex

palmar ulnocarpal, palmar radioulnar, ulnar collateral

function of triangular fibrocartilage complex

stabilize distal radioulnar joint, reinforce ulnar side of wrist, transfer compression forces from forearm to hand

ligaments that make up the palmar carpal ligament

radial collateral, radiolunate, radioschaphocapitate

palmar carpal ligament function

specialized deep fascia, helps keep tendons in place

transverse carpal ligament/flexor retinaculum function

holds structures inside the carpal tunnel

ligaments of the hip

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

iliofemoral ligament resists which actions

hip extension and lateral rotation

pubofemoral ligament resists which actions

hip abduction and extension (and lateral rotation)

ischiofemoral ligament resists which actions

medial rotation during hip extension

ligaments of the knee

medial collateral, lateral collateral, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate

MCL resists which actions

valgus force, knee extension, external rotation of the knee

LCL resists which actions

varus force, knee extension

ACL resists which actions

knee extension, excessive anterior translation of the tibia

PCL resists which actions

knee flexion, excessive posterior translation of tibia

ligaments of the ankle and foot

deltoid ligament, anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular

components of the deltoid ligament

tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibicalcaneal, tibiospring

tibiotalar resists which actions

eversion and dorsiflexion

tibionavicular resists which actions

eversion and external rotation

tibiocalcaneal resists which actions

eversion

anterior talofibular resists which actions

inversion, medial rotation, plantarflexion

calcaneofibular resists which actions

inversion and dorsiflexion

posterior talofibular resists which actions

internal rotation, inversion and dorsiflexion