Ch 11 Gases

Test - Thurs, Oct. 29

Pressure

the FORCE per unit area on A SURFACE

Newton

SI UNIT for FORCE; the force that will increase the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s each second that the force is applied

Barometer

a DEVICE used to MEASURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Millimeters of mercury

COMMON UNIT OF PRESSURE, symbolized Hg

Atmospheric Pressure

760 mm Hg; the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level

Pascal (Pa)

SI unit of PRESSURE equal to the force of 1N EXERTED OVER AN AREA of 1m²

Partial Pressure

PRESSURE of each GAS in a MIXTURE

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

the TOTAL PRESSURE of a GAS MIXTURE is the SUM of the PARTIAL PRESSURES of the component gasses

Boyle’s law

the law that states that for a FIXED AMOUNT OF GAS at a CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases and the volume of the gas decreases as the pressure of the gas increases. (PV = k)

Absolute zero

the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K or -273.15 C)

Charles’ Law

the law that states that for a FIXED AMOUNT OF GAS at a CONSTANT PRESSURE, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases (V/T = k)

Gay-Lussac’s law

the law that states that the PRESSURE OCCUPIED BY A GAS at a CONSTANT VOLUME is directly proportional to the ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE IN KELVIN (P=kT)

Combined gas law

EXPRESSES the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE, VOLUME, and TEMPERATURE of a FIXED AMOUNT of GAS (PV/T = k)

Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volume of gasses

the law that states that the VOLUMES OF GASSES INVOLVED IN A CHEMICAL CHANGE can be represented by a RATIO OF SMALL WHOLE NUMBERS

Avogadro’s law

the law that states that EQUAL VOLUMES OF GASSES at the same temperature and pressure CONTAIN EQUAL NUMBERS OF MOLECULES

Standard molar volume of a gas

VOLUME OCCUPIED by one mole of a gas at STP (22.414 L)

Standard temperature and pressure

for a gas, THE TEMPERATURE OF 0 C and the pressure 1.00 atm

Ideal gas law

the law that states the MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP of pressure, volume, temperature and the gas constant (R) and the number of MOLES OF A GAS (PV = nRT)

Ideal gas constant

proportionality CONSTANT that appears in the equation of state for 1 mol of an ideal gas REPRESENTED BY R (usually 0.0821 L x atm/(mol x K))

Graham’s law of effusion

the law that states that the RATES OF EFFUSION OF GASSES at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to the SQUARE ROOTS OF THE MOLAR MASSES