History Quiz 1

Allied Powers

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and Serbia

Central Powers

Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Ottomans

Total War

everything in society is directed towards war effort

Nationalism

an ideology that unifies based on a shared identity of a group (maybe nation), can be tied to ideas of superiority

Civic Nationalism

Based on shared pride in characteristics that can be learned/adopted

Ethnic Nationalism

Pride in nation based on unchangeable (through often invented) characteristics

WW1 Start and End

1914-1918

Liberalism

Individual experience in the top priority, democracy, feee market, right to be, protection of natural rights, pursuit of individual pleasure (minimizing pain/discomfort), opposition of total government, control and regulation

Ideology

a set of beliefs that shapes the way you behave and what you prioritize, a system that guides you, defines how you understand the world and its history

Woodrow Wilson’s Point

States that wrongs must first be righted and then adequate safeguards must be created to prevent them from being committed again

Clemenceau’s Point

believes that Germany hopes for peace while promoting militarism and destruction of all human dignity

Woodrow Wilson

US President that wanted to reestablish world peace

Clemenceau

A prime minister who wanted Germany destroyed, to take their land, and make Germany pay reparations

Treaty of Versailles

Requirement of Germany to pay reparations to the victors, turned 13% of German territory to France in which they later shaped that territory into Poland, and put strict limits on the size of Germany’s armed forces

League of Nations

International body for international disputes designed by the Allies to prevent war through arbitration (Germany excluded and the US isn’t apart of it)

The Tasks Of Peace

Redrawing borders (prevent future wars), establishing security, returning economy to peace time, questions of Punishment Retribution, and rebuilding

Paris Peace Conference

January 1919: US, France, and Britain are the most influential voices, observers from Central Powers, spokes people from different ethnic and religious groups that are under colonial control

What motivated Clemenceau at the Paris Peace Conference?

punishing the Germans

Audience in the Paris Peace Conference

The French

Result of the Paris Peace Conference

Requiring Germany to pay the victors taking over 13% of their territory, redrawing borders

What motivations and goals did the Allies have when they arrived at the Paris Peace Conference?

Self-determination and collective security

Weimar Republic

a German republic

Self-determination

having freedom and control over your own personal choices

What themes do you see across Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points?

Wilson emphasized peaceful trade

In what ways are the 14 points related to the outbreak and course of WW1

Everyone wanted territory and control but no one knew how to go about it

Where do you see elements of liberalism across the 14 points?

In some of the points there were general principles for a peaceful world such as free trade and freedom of the seas which ties into liberalism which centers on individual freedom, equality under law, and the protection of basic human rights

What are the factors in the late 19th century that facilitated the development of nationalism?

Urbanization, expansion of military service, and eduacation

Sovereign

Self-governing, power over itself

When might nationalist be dissatisfied with their state?

when not all people of the nation is included, their are too many people from other nations, ruler from a different nation, and no dominant nationality.

State

a political organization that governs a territory and its people

Nation

a group of people who imagine they belong together because they share a common identity

War Guilt Clause

the part of the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany accept responsibility for the damage caused by World War I, helping justify the reparations it had to pay

War Guilt Clause

the part of the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany accept responsibility for the damage caused by WW1, helping justify the reparations they had to pay

Long term causes of WW1

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

Trench warfare

fighting from protective ditches

Cost of war

the lives, money, and destruction lost because of the war

Why are nations “imagined”?

people feel connected to others in their nation even though they will never meet most of them

What characteristics do nationalists use to create or unify their nation?

they use shared identities, beliefs, and traditions to make people feel united as one nation

How do some anti-colonialists imagine their state differently?

They want to govern themselves instead of being controlled by a colonial power