Biology Quiz unit 2

Centriole

Helps with cell divison/makes spindle fibers

Smooth ER

Produces lipids, detoxifys drugs

Mitochondria

Site of cell respiration, produces energy (ATP)

Nuclear membrane

Isolates/separates DNA, keeps it organized

Nucleolus

Produces Ribosomes

DNA

instructions for making protein

Vacuole

used for storage

Rough ER

Produces protein/ produces membrane

Cell Membrane

control movement of materials in/out

Golgi

Motifys and packages proteins

Ribosome

Produces protein

Lysosome

To break down large molecules

Cell wall

support structure/prevents from bursting

Cillia

Tiny hairs used for movement

Flagella

used for movement, whip-like tail

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

What is the relationship between SA:V ratio and the rate of diffusion

As the SA:V ratio increases so does the rate of diffusion

Prokaryotic cells

Lack a membrane bound nucleus, chromosome is located in an area called the nucleoid. Ex. Bacteria, Archaea

Eukarytotic

have a membrane bound nucleus enclosing their chromosomes. Usually much larger than prokaryotic cells. Contain other membrane bound organelles

Ex. Plants. Animals, Fungi, protists

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells similarities

Plasma membrane, cytosol (cytoplasm), chromosomes/Genetic information, Ribosomes

Nuclear enevelope

encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm

Chromatin

DNA, arranged into strands in eukaryotic cells and in one circular chromosome in prokaryotic cells

Free vs Bound ribosomes

Free ribosomes usually make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm. Bound ribsosomes usually make proteins used in membranes, within other organelles, or secreted out of the cell

Endomembrane system

Membranous organelles (made of folded membranes/vesicles)

Peroxisomes

Single membrane container that uses enzymes to perform oxidation, removing hydrogen atoms from molecules and attaching them to oxygen to produce hydrogen periooxide which is then converted to water

Cytoskeleton

used for support (fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm to keep cell shape or change cell shape) and mobility