biological molecules key terms

What are monomers?

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made

What are polymers?

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

What is a condensation reaction?

A reaction that joins two molecules together to form a chemical bond whilst eliminating a molecule of water

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule

What is a monosaccharide?

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

How is a glycosidic bond formed?

A condensation between two monosaccharides

Examples of polysaccharides?

Glycogen, starch (amylopectin, amylose), cellulose

What are the two main group of lipids?

Phospholipids, triglycerides (fats and oils)

Roles of lipids?

Source of energy, waterproofing, insulation, protection, buoyancy

What is an ester bond?

A bond formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid

What monomers make up proteins?

Amino acids

How is a peptide bond formed?

A condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid

What is a polypeptide?

Many amino acids joined together

what is the structure of amylopectin?

Contains a 1, 4 and a 1,6 glycosidic bond

what is the structure of amylose?

what is the structure of glycigen?

what is the structure of cellulose?

what are the functions of phospholipids?

what are the functions of cholesterol?

what is primary structure?

what is secondary structure?

what is tertiary structure?

what is quaternary structure?

benedict’s test

biuret test

emulsion test

iodine test

what is the structure of a globular protein?

what is the structure of a fibrous protein?

structure of haemoglobin?

structure of collagen?

structure of keratin?

structure of elastin?