Cell Biology and Transport Mechanisms Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering organelles, cellular transport mechanisms, nuclear processes, and cellular structure based on the lecture transcript.

Mitochondria

Cellular organelles that are abundant in cells using a great amount of energy.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of substances from high to low concentration using a carrier protein.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water.

Hypotonic Solution Effect

Cause for a white blood cell placed in it to swell and burst.

Lysosomes

Organelles found in large numbers within a scavenger white blood cell capable of phagocytizing and digesting bacteria.

Smooth ER

Organelle present in large amounts within a gland cell that produces the lipid hormone testosterone.

Diffusion of $CO_2$

An example of diffusion where $CO_2$ moves from a high concentration in tissue to a lower concentration in a blood vessel capillary.

Equilibrium

The state reached during osmosis when the movement of water stops changing concentration.

Fastest Forms of Transport

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Organelles

All of the minute structures found within the cell.

Intercellular Space

The space within the cell.

Cytoskeleton

The protein netting within the interseetal areas.

Ribosomes

Organelles that produce proteins in the cytoplasm.

Meiosis

Cell division process that produces cells that are stuck cells.

Mitosis

Nuclear division occurring in the cell nucleus that produces body cells.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains all of the DNA.

Selectively Permeable

Property of a cell membrane that lets some molecules through while restricting others.

Hydrophilic

The water-loving phospholipid end of the lipid bilayer.

Penocytosis

Process involving moving materials or water across membranes.

Endocytosis

An active transport process that brings materials into a cell.

Microvilli

The organelle that increases the surface area of a cell.

Gonides

Structures that produce sex cells, or eggs and sperm.

Dialysis

A process whose goal is to separate small solutes from larger ones and filter blood.

Filtration Pressure

Refers specifically to blood pressure in transport mechanisms.

Sodium Potassium Pump

An active transport system across the cell membrane.

Microtubules

Cellular structures made of tubulin.

Cytosol

The liquid part of the cytoplasm.