Medical Terminology - Urinary System

What are the functions of the urinary system?

wast removal, regulating fluid volume, maintains electrolytes, assists in blood pressure regulation

Structures in urinary system

kidney, urea, nephron, glomerulus, renal pelvis, hilium, uruters, bladder, urea, urinary meatus

what does the kidney do

filters blood and produces urine

what does the nephron do

the functional unit of the kidney that filters and produces urine

what does the glomerulus do

cluster of tiny capillaries within a nephron where blood filtration begins

what does the renal pelvis do

Funnel-shaped collecting area in the kidney that drains urine into the ureter

what is the hilium

Indented area of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit

ureters

Two muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

urinary bladder

Muscular sac that stores urine until it is expelled from the body

urethra

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

urinary meatus

External opening of the urethra through which urine leaves the body

flow of urine

renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra through the meatus, to outside of body

how long is the female urethra

1.5 inches

how long is the male urethra

around 8 inches long

nephr/o , ren/o

kidney

glomerul/o

glomerulus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ureter/o

ureter

cyst/o, vesic/o

urinary bladder

Urethr/o = Urethra Ur/o, Urin/o

urine or urinary tract

albumin/o

albumin

albuminaria

presence of albumin in the urine

azot/o

nitrogen containing compounds

azotemia

excess nitrogenous wastes in the blood

blast/o

immature or maturing cell

nephroblastoma

tumor in kidney stemming from immature cells

glycosuria

glucose in urine

hematuria

blood in urine

lith/o

some, calcus

nephrolithiasis

kidney stones

noct/i

night

nocturia

frequent urination during the night

olig/o

few

oliguria

decreased urine output

urology

study of urinary tract

urinalysis

examination of urine

-emia

blood condition

nephrolith

kidney stone

lysis

breakdown, destruction, separation

dialysis

removal of waste products from the blood when kidney function is inadequate

pexy

surgical fixation

nephropexy

surgical fixation of kidney

-ptsosis

drooping, prolapse

nephroptosis

downward displacement of kidney

tripsy

crushing

lithotripsy

crushing of kidney stones using shock waves

AKI

acute kidney injury

CKD

chronic kidney disease

ESKD

end stage kidney disease

hypospadias

urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip

cystostomy

surgical opening made for fluid drainage from kidney

nephrectomy

surgical removal of part of kidney

nephropexy

fixation of displaced kidney

pyeloplasty

reconstruction of the renal pelvis to improve urine flow

Vesicourethral Suspension

procedure that supports the bladder and urethra to treat stress urinary incontinence

acute kidney injury

Sudden loss of kidney function that develops over hours to days, causing waste products to build up in the blood

chronic kidney disease

Progressive, long-term loss of kidney function that develops over months or years

fulguration

Destruction of abnormal tissue using electric current,heat, or laser energy; commonly used to treat bladder tumors

cystoscope

instrument used to visually examine interior of unrinary bladder and urethra

pyelogram

Radiographic examination of the renal pelvis and urinary tract using contrast media

Retrograde Urogram

X-ray study in which contrast media is injected through the urethra and bladder into the ureters to visualize the urinary tract

KUB

kidneys, ureters, bladder

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

creatinine

Waste product produced by muscle metabolism; blood creatinine levels are used to evaluate kidney function

SG (specific gravity)

Measurement of urine concentration that reflects the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine

anuria

absence of urine production or output

azotemia

Abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing waste products in the blood due to impaired kidney function

dysuria

painful urination

oliguria

decreased urine output

pyuria

pus or white blood cells in urine, usually indicates infection

diuretic

medication that increases urine production

enureisis

involuntary urination

prolapse

drooping or slipping of an organ from its normal position

stricture

abnormal narrowing of a passage, such as the urethra

distended

stretched, enlarged, swollen

AUR

acute kidney retention