History Exam Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from the provided history lecture notes covering colonial America, slavery systems, revolutionary events, and early political concepts.

Thomas Hutchinson

A prominent colonial figure noted in the historical matching section.

George Washington

Leader who was forced to allow African Americans to serve in the army after the British offered freedom to any who joined them.

Virtual representation

The British concept that members of Parliament represented all British subjects, regardless of whether colonists actually voted for them.

Jonathan Edwards

A prominent figure associated with the religious revivals of the Great Awakening.

Stono Rebellion

A significant slave rebellion in the colonial period.

Old lights vs New lights

The division during the Great Awakening between traditionalists who opposed revivalism (Old lights) and supporters of the revivals (New lights).

William Penn

A Quaker who established and built Pennsylvania on Quaker principles.

Mercantilism

An economic policy based on government control of the economy.

John Smith

Early leader of Jamestown who did not marry Pocahontas.

Roger Williams

Colonial leader who established Rhode Island.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion driven by Native American conflicts that culturally resulted in the shift from indentured servants to multi-generational African slavery.

Common Sense

A influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that carried major cultural and political significance in the movement toward independence.

Battle of Saratoga

A key Revolutionary War victory after which the French became official allies.

Thomas Jefferson's alteration of John Locke

Jefferson's revision of Locke's philosophical phrasing from 'Life liberty and the pursuit of property' to 'Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness'.

Dutch religious toleration

The practice of religious toleration by the Dutch in contrast to other colonial powers.

Pocahontas

Historical Native American figure who did not marry John Smith.

Puritans

A religious group that did not practice religious toleration, believing that it violated moral liberty.

Colonial Voting and Land Ownership

The condition in North America where colonists were far more likely to vote and own land than people living in Britain.

Pennsylvania

Colony referred to as the 'best poor mans country'.

Native American disease mortality

The fact that Native Americans were far more likely to die of European diseases than Africans were.

Great Awakening

A global religious event that took place across multiple continents, not just in North America.

Pre-7 Years War British regulation

The historical fact that the British did attempt to regulate the colonial economy prior to the 7 Years War.

West Point

The military outpost that Benedict Arnold attempted to surrender to the British.

Homespun clothing

Locally produced clothing that served as a key symbol of American patriotism.

Indentured Servants vs. Slaves

Indentured servants voluntarily gave up their freedom for a specified period, whereas African American slaves did not give up their freedom voluntarily.

Headright system

A colonial system where bringing a person over granted 50 acres of land, with additional land granted for bringing more people.

Mayflower Compact

The first written frame of government created in the American colonies.

Chesapeake System of Slavery

A brutal plantation system based on tobacco where slaves outnumbered whites.

New England System of Slavery

A non-plantation system of slavery where enslaved individuals had comparatively more rights.

Carolina System of Slavery

A rice-cultivation system using the task system (a set amount of work daily), characterized by a low white population, strong retention of African culture, and a constant influx of slaves.

17th century (1600s) slave destinations

The primary destinations for enslaved people during the 1600s, which were sugar plantations in Barbados, the West Indies, and the Caribbean, NOT North America.

1705 House of Burgesses slave codes

New slave codes passed after Bacon's Rebellion that defined enslaved people legally as property rather than people.

Target of witchcraft accusations

Individuals most likely to be accused of being a witch: middle-aged women who were outspoken, estranged from their husbands, or economically independent.

Coverture

Legal status restricting women's rights, preventing married women from signing contracts or obtaining a divorce.

Mound Builders tribe

Native American cultural group located in the Mississippi River valley.

Native American land ownership concepts

Pre-European Native American understanding of land as a communal resource rather than private property.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic flow of goods, animals, and GERMS following European contact.

Order of founding of colonies

Chronological order of establishment: Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island.

Motivation of rich immigrants to New America

The desire to establish or reconstruct a feudal system and hold vast tracts of land.

Middle Passage

The brutal transatlantic voyage for enslaved Africans, characterized by extremely crowded conditions and small spaces inside ships.

Liberalism

A political philosophy focused on private matters, such as individual choices regarding church attendance.

Republicanism

A political philosophy emphasizing active public participation in civic life by property-owning citizens.

Salutary neglect

The British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, allowing the colonies to deal with themselves.

7 Years War financial aftermath

The war after which the British government decided that American colonists needed to begin paying for their own military protection.

Stamp Act

The first direct tax placed on the colonies by Britain, which sparked widespread protest and unrest.

Crispist Addicts

Recognized as the first martyr of the American Revolution.

John Locke

Enlightenment philosopher whose theories heavily influenced arguments within the Declaration of Independence.