intro to the nervous system week 3

How does the cns and peripheral nervous system work together through neurons

CNS sends information to PNS via motor neurons

PNS sends information to CNS via sensory neurons

Whats the 2 branches of nervous systems from the PNS

somatic and visceral nervous system

When is the visceral nervous system used

when the PNS is communicating with organs - involuntary

when is the peripheral nervous system used

when the PNS is communicating with skin and muscles - voluntary

what are the 2 components that the somatic and visceral nervous system can be broken down into

motor and sensory. the brain always controls and decides the response from sensory information whether or not its voluntary or involuntary

what are the 2 components of the motor component of the visceral NS

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system, also known as the autonomic nervous system

what are neurons

functional units of the nervous system and specialised for rapid communication

what type of neuron is a motor neuron

multipolsr

whats the structure of a neuron

dendrites

what type of neuron is a sensory neuron

pseudo unipolar

whats the main differences between sensory and motor neurons structure

the cell body of a sensory neuron is placed differently to a motor neurons cell body

whats the difference in myelin sheath between the peripheral and central NS

In cns - the myelin sheath is oligodendrocyte . in pns , myelin sheath is made up of schwann cells.

what does the spinal cord consist of

has an outer layer of white matter and centrally located grey matter. spinal cord is 60% white matter and 40% grey matter

what’s white matter

myelinated nerve fibres and longer axons

made up of bundles of axons and connect many grey areas

interprets sensory info from different parts of the body.

develops in 20s and peaks in middle age

involved in decision making, selection, initiation and control of motor responses

whats grey matter

contains dendrites, contains most of the brains neuronal cell bodies ( ganglia) and shorter axons

processes and sends information to various parts of the body

fully develops when a person reaches their 20s

what’s gross anatomy

anatomy that’s tangible - you can see and touch it

whats the structure of the spinal cord and what does it consist of

dorsal root ganglion - contains many cell bodies of sensory neurons found at each spinal level, transmits info from PNS to CNS

dorsal (posterior) root - pseudounipolar neurones that transmit sensory information from receptors to CNS coming into spinal cord

ventral (anterior) root - signal leaves spinal cord carries motor signals from CNS to muscles and organs

spinal cord extends from the brainstem to the vertebrae level L1/L2.

its composed of neurons and neuroglial cells.

at every vertebral level a pair of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord

whats the difference between vertebral column and spinal cord

vertebral columns are the bones stacked up on top of each other. spjnal cords are the nerves thar run through the canals the bones create