fleshy fungi exam 2

Family Coprinaceae

-spores black, purple black, purple brown

-thick walled with apical pore

-cuticle cellular

-hemiangiocarpic (UV +, PV ±)

-saprobes

genus coprinus

-family coprinaceae

-deliquescent

-gills parallel

-gills turn black

genus panaeolus

-family coprinaceae

-gills not deliquescent, convergent

-spores NOT discoloring in H2SO4

-many coprophilus

what does coprophilus mean

living on dung

genus psathyrella

-family coprinaceae

-gills not deliquescent, convergent

-spores discoloring in H2SO4

-usually not on dung, on humus

family bolbitaceae

-spores yellow orange to brown

-thick walled with apical pore

-cuticle cellular

-pseudoangiocarpic (PV ±)

-saprophytes

-lamellar trama parallel

genus bolbitus

-family bolbitaceae

-viscid

-brightly colored

genus conocybe

-family bolbitiaceae

-NOT viscid

-stipe brittle

-cinnamon-brown to rusty brown spores

genus agrocybe

-family bolbitiaceae

-not viscid

-stipe fleshy

-darker brown spores than conocybe

-larger, less often conic than conocybe

family strophariaceae

-spores purple brown

-thick walled spores with apical pore

-cuticle filamentous

-gills attached

-pseudoangiocarpic (PV ±)

-saprobes

genus stropharia

-family strophariaceae

-membranous annulus

-hypodermium not cellular

-chrysocystidia present

genus hypholoma

-family strophariaceae

-fibrillose PV

-hypodermium cellular

-chrysocystidia

genus psilocybe

-family strophariaceae

-membranous annulus

-chysocystidia absent

what is the hypodermium

a layer of hyphae beneath the outermost layer of the pileipellis

family agaricaeae genus agaricus

-spores chocolate brown to black brown

-spores thick walled

-cuticle filamentous (cutis)

-stipe fleshy and separable from pileus

-pseudoangiocarpic to hemioangiocarpic

-tissues staining various colors

section agaricus

-genus agaricus

-staining (-)

-KOH (-)

-gills pink then brown

-edible

-PV thin and cottony

section arvenses

-genus agaricus

-staining (+) yellow

-KOH (+)

-sweet odor

section sanguinolenti

-genus agaricus

-staining (+) pink to red

-KOH (-)

-lamellae pink to brown

section xanthodermi

genus agaricus

-staining (+) yellow to red

-KOH (+)

-phenolic odor

-double annulus

family gomphidiaceae

-spores smokey black to greenish brown, entire, smooth

-lamellae decurrent, thick, waxy

-cystidia long and protruding

-pseudoangiocarpic

-ectomycorrhizal with pinaceae (conifers)

-related closely to boletes

genus gomphidius

-family gomphidiaceae

-trama NOT amyloid

-no EtOH reaction with flesh

-context white with yellow stipe base

-glutinous

genus chroogomphus

-family gomphidiaceae

-trama amyloid

-EtOH red to lavender

-context colored

-viscid to dry

family paxillaceae

-spores clay color to chocolate brown, entire

-spores yellow to dextrinoid in melzers

-cuticle filamentous (cutis)

-lamellae decurrent

-no PV

-closely related to boletes

genus paxillus

-family paxillaceae

-stalk often eccentric to sessile

-some viscid

-gill brown to yellow brown

-gills often stain brown

genus phylloporus

-family paxillaceae

-boletoid

-not viscid

-gills bright yellow to greenish yellow

-turns blue with NH4OH

family cortinariaceae

-spores yellow, clay, or rusty brown

-cuticle filamentous

-lamellae attached, usually not decurrent

• not easily separable from pileus

-pseudoangiocarpic to gymnocarpic

• ± PV but often present

-stipe mostly central

genus cortinarius

-family Cortinariaceae

-spores rusty brown

-lamellae distinctly colored when young

-stipe central

-PV a cortina

-some deadly poisonous

• many strong turquoise to blue fluorescence in UV light

genus galerina ( now strophariaceae)

-family cortinariaceae

-spores dextrinoid

-stipe thin and fragile

-pseudoangiocarpic

-saprobes

eccentric stalk

stalk found close to a margin (not in the center from below)

lateral stalk

stalk attached to the margin

sessile

no stalk

echinulate

spiney ornamentation (spores)

reticulate

"netted pattern of ridges on spores or mushrooms

glabrous

bald

smooth

spores without ornamentation, or a mushroom part that is not wrinkled

rugose

wrinkled (spores or mushroom surfaces)

striate spores

longitudinal grooves running the length of the spore

tuberculate spores

warted with coarse blocks

angular spores

polygonal, cuboid, star shaped, etc

floccose

felty texture/appearance

deliquescent

mushroom digests itself into black inky goo

coprophilus

substrate affinity on dung

lignicolus

substrate affinity on wood (sticks or logs)

terricolus

found on ground

adnate gill attachment

gills attached straight on

adnexed gill attachment

gills attached with a notch near stalk

chrysocystidia

cystidia that react with KOH to for a dense refractive body in the cell.

Strophariaceae-stropharia and hypoholoma

squarrose

scaley