asa reformed the church

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Problems with the catholic church

-Church was heavily involved in world affairs (politics) which angered many kings of Europe.

-The church had all the money. Which means the church held all the power. Many high level officials lived luxurious lives. The church was being used as a tool to gain personal wealth, land and power. Officials and the clergy were all living well while their towns were extremely poor and basically suffering.

-Increased the fees of services like baptism and marriage to “raise” money.

-INDULGENCES: The church turned itself into a business and took advantage of peoples fears. Had people convinced they could buy their way into heaven and reduce the punishment of their sins. These huge profits were used on themselves and building things on their huge amounts of land.

Define Symony

The buying and selling of high church offices or churches.

What are Luther’s 3 main ideas?

Salvation through faith alone, bible is the only authority for christian life (claimed the pope was a false authority), and The priesthood of all believers (priest were not needed to interpret the Bible).

Luther’s idea of salvation is obtained by faith alone. Explain

This idea Is that salvation can only be obtained by your faith. This means you can’t obtain it through indulgences or good works. People needed genuine faith and trust in god. This challenged the selling of indulgences.

Luther’s idea of the Bible is the only authority of Christian life and the pope was a false authority. Explain

Luther believed the church teachings should abide and go along with the bible and not be whatever the pope wants or the priests are saying.

Luther’s idea of The priesthood of all believers (priest were not needed to interpret the Bible). Explain its significance and why its a threat.

Luther believed people could communicate with God directly themselves and not need a priest to interpret or act as a mediator. This challenged the authority of all these priests.

Why are luther’s main ideas a threat as a whole?

Money- Challenging indulgences threatened and important source of church revenue.

Power: Challenging the pope’s authority weakened the church’s control over religious beliefs.

Control: People could read the Bible and question church teachings for themselves.

Unity: Luther’s followers formed protestant churches, splitting western Christianity.

Big ideas of the counter reformation (Catholic reformation) Did it achieve its goals etc.

The council of Trent, The Jesuits, and stopping the spread of protestantism.

Council of trent

Church leaders met to address problems and clarify Catholic beliefs. They worked to improve education and discipline of priests. They condemned abuses connected to indulgence sales. They reaffirmed Catholic teachings that protestants had challenged, including the importance of both faith and good works.

The Jesuits

The society of Jesus was formed by Ignatius. They emphasized education, missionary work, and defending Catholic beliefs. They established schools and spread Catholicism to other parts of the world..

Stopped or halted the spread of Protestantism

The Catholic church worked to win people back to Catholicism. Improved religious education. Used preachings, schools, and missions to reinforce Catholic beliefs.

Printing Press specific for Reformation. Examples of publications, why was it so important,

The printing press became a powerful way to spread religious beliefs. It spread Luthers ideas like his writings and arguements against the church such as the 95 these which was able to spread far beyond its original audience. It made the Bible way more acccessible. For example the Bible was translated to different languages such as German and now people could read scripture in their own language. Now that people could understand the Bible they could question the church instead of the local clergy giving them false information. It ultimately made the reformation way harder to stop as people couldn’t control these ideas and these ideas could extend all across the continent.

What was different in Luthers vs Henrys reformation. CONTRAST

Luther was motivated by religious beliefs while Henry was trying to annul his marriage and his wish to control the English Church.

Luther challenged indulgences, the pope’s authority, and Catholic teachings while Henry straight up rejected the pope’s authority over England.

Luther established Lutheran protestantism while Henry established royal supremacy over the church of England.

Luther wanted religious beliefs and practices reformed while Henry wanted the English king rather than the pope to control the church in England.

Compare. What’s the same about Luther and Henrys reformations

Both challenged the authority of the pope. Both helped weaken the catholic churches control in Europe. Both contributed to the spread of religious division in christianity. Both were connected to the creation of churchs separate from the Roman Catholic church.