Unit 4 reading 3 349-360 Cognitive development across the lifespan

delay gratification

Those who have learned to ____ - to live with one eye on the future - have become more socially responsible

Continuous, discontinuous

Todays researchers see development as ____, Piaget focused on the _____ (occuring in distinct stages) nature of development

Socio culture

Vygotsky emphasized that the childs mind develops through interaction with the ____ enviorment

False beliefs

Between ages 3 and 4.5 children come to realize that people hold ____ (band aid box with sticks pencils)

imaginary audience

Capable of thinking about their own and others’ thinking, teens also begin imagining what others are thinking about them and develop an intense awareness of this ______

personal fable

Teens also have a tendency to develop a _____ — believing that they are unique and special and what happens to “most people” would never happen to them. “My vaping is just for fun; I would never end up an addicted smoker like my uncle.”

formal operations

they apply their new abstract reasoning tools to the world around them.. They may debate human nature, good and evil, truth and justice.

Cognition

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

schema

concept/framework that organizes info

assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

accommodation

adapting our current schemas to incorporate new info

sensorimotor stage

the stage at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities 0-2

object permanence

awareness that things continue to exist even if not perceived

preoperational stage

the stage at which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations as concrete logic

conservation

properties such as mass and volume remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

egocentric

the preoperational childs difficulty taking another POV

concrete operational stage

children can preform the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

formal operational stage

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

scaffold

a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

zone of proximal development

a gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve w guidance from a more knowledgeable other

theory of mind

peoples ideas about their own and others mental stages - about feelings, perceptions, thoughts

autism spectrum disorder

lifelong neurodevelopmental condition caused by differences in how the brain develops and functions

moral institutions

immediate , automatic evaluative feelings - quick gut feelings

perspective memory

remembering to do things in the future

animism

a belief that inamimate objects are alive or have lifelike feelings