anthro quiz 8

What is a species?

a group of individuals that have the ability to reproduce with each other and have viable & fertile offspring

What is a genus?

Consist of species that are similar to each other and share a common ancestor

How is a species name written?

A species name is written by using the binomial nomenclature. You would capitalize and combine the genus nam with the lowercase second form.

How is a genus name abbreviated?

By writing the first letter capitalized and then follow by a period.
Ex. Homo sapiens —> H. sapiens

What are the different categories of the Linnean Hierarchy?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the meaning of the categories in the Linnean Hierarchy?

The groups represent common ancestry although the higher level groups reflect distant common ancestry.

Homology

Similarity due to common ancestry (derived and primitive)

Primitive Homology

Shared feature from a remote common ancestor

Derived Homology

Shared feature from a recent common ancestor (indicates closer evolutionary relationship)

Homoplasy

Similarity due to convergent/parallel evolution (NOT common ancestry). Also called analogy. Often a reflection of natural selection.

Autamorphy

Feature unique to a single species within a taxonomic group.

Cladogram

• visual depiction of species relatedness

• branching points = common ancestors

• longer branches = more distant common ancestor

• can map traits to determine homologies, homoplasies and autopomorphies