BIO485-Biology of inverts UH manoa EXAM 1

Exam 1 prep

Where does collar, theca, cell proper and stalk go on the choanoflagellata?

Here

What are basic things that ALL organisms need to do?

1. get energy

2. metabolism

3. reproduce

4. excretion

5. exchange gas

6. sense the environment

7. respond to it

Grade of organization

single cell, tissue grade, organ grade

What is metazoa?

Cells organized into functional types, often tissues

Where do metazoa develop?

Development from blastula

type of protein metazoa make?

Collagen Protein

Metazoa start from what stage?

Larval stage

how do you fill this chart?

at the bottom: choanocytle type cells

middle : develop from blastra, collage protein, larva

parazoa: no true tissue, asymmetry

Eumetazoa: true tissue, symmetry

For sponges what does it mean to be monoecious and dioecious?

Monoecious:one house (sperm& egg)

Dioecious Two house (one has sperm one has egg)

Characteristics of Porifera?

No true tissue

specialized water movement cells-choanocytes

spicules of silica or calcium carbonate

spongin- collage like protein

lacks- guts/circulatory system, body cavity, nervous system/ any axis of symmetry

Sponges are_ , _water-pumping animals that lack _ level organization

sessile, multicellar, true tissue

Porifera has 3 things for tissue

1) simliar cells held together by intercellular matrix

2) cells areorganized to perform a sepcific function

3) cells origniate from embryonic germ layer

Porifera cell types

1- Choanocyes/collar cells- feeding and water flow

2-pinacocytes-surface cells

3-porocytes-opening to sponge

4-sclerocytes-secrete skeleton

5-archaeocytes-transport food/waste

6-lophocyte-secrete spongin

7 oocyte- reproductive cells

Where does osculum, ostium and atrium go?

Osculum- top where the water flows out

Ostium- the holes where it goes thru

atrium- body cavity

where do the major cell types go?

here

Reproduction of sponges?

Asexual- gemmule (send off parts of themself)

Spawning sponge-gametes(send sperm/egg into water column)

3 grades of body structure

Asconiod, syconiod, leuconoid

Porifera classes (4)

Class Hexactinellida(glass sponges)

Class Calarea (calcareous sponges)

Class Demospongia (most sponges)

Class Homoscleromorpha (carved out from demospongia)

Class Hexactinellida characteristics?

Syconiod grade

spicules made of silica

spicules fused to form lattice-like skeleton

deep water

6 rayed

no spongin or pinacoderm

Class Calcarea characteristics?

Calcareous

all 3 grades of structure

spicules made of calcium carbonate

spicules have 3,4 points

no spongin

Class Demospongiae characteristics?

90% all sponges

leuconoid grade

spicules made of silica, may have no spicules

spicules has 4 points

spongin fibers (some)

Placezoa characteristics?

no true tissue

2 layers of ciliated cells

develops from a blastula

intercelluar junctions

asymmetric

asexual-fission(spilts in half)

life style-solitary

where does food vacuole, lipid sphere, cilium, fiber syncytium, intercelluar junction and gland cells go?

here

how do you put the characteristics on the map?

characteristics of eumetazoa

true tissue

cells have junctions (belt (stick together), septate(sealing together), and gap (communcation)

formed from embryonic germ layer

has intercellular and extracellular digestion

muscles & nurons

has receptors

Porifera vs Eumetazoa

Porifera(parazoa) Eumetazoa

No true tissues True tissues

no body symmetry radial or bilateral

intercellular digestion intercellular/extracellular

no muscles or nerves Muscles and neurons

no sensory organ has receptors

How to do this tree? parazoa(sponges) vs eumetazoa

here

Phylum Cnidaria has what?

corals, aneomnes, jellyfish

tissues and organs

diploblastic- 2 embryonic germ layer

radial symmetry

life cycle: polyp and medusa

asexual and sexual

blind gut- one opening

solitary and colonial

Name the motor neuron, epitheliomuscular cells, sensory neuron, muscle filament

here

Cnidae is a unique structure for what? to help in prey capture

cnidocytes

each cnidocyte contains one of 3 types of cniade

nemayocyst- stabby, spirocyst or phtychocyst (sticky)

label tentacle, mouth, epidermis, gastrodermis, gastrovascular cavity, mesoglea,body stalk,

Cnidaria has 2 subphylums what is it?

Anthozoa, Medusozoa

Anthoza has 2 classes what it is?

Hexacorallia—> 6

Octocorallia—> 8

label mouth, tentacles, septum, pharginx, gonad, gastroval cavity

pedal dis, retaror muscle, acontium

Anthozoa characteristic

all polyp, no medusa

asexual reproduction by fragmentation

soiltary or colonial

Medusozoa characteristic

medusa stage

linear mitochondrial dna

solitary or colonial

has 4 classes

label aboral, oral sides. gastrovascular cavity, phargnz, mouth, tentacles, epidermis mesoglea, gastrodermis

what are the 4 classes of medusozoa?

Scyphozoa-

cubozoa-

staurozoa-

hydrozoa-

Characteristic of scyphozoa

big medusa stage

small polyp stage

high developed eyes

cassiosomes- sting cells

Rhopalia is what?

sensory structure containing eyes on the bell of the margin for scyphozoan and cubozoan jellyfish

Characteristic of hydrozoa

colonial polyps

gastro-feeding

gono-gamete production

dactylo- colony defence

medusa is small and short lived

MEDUSA HAS A VELUM

label manubrium, velum, statocyst, radial canal, gonad, ring canal. tentacles

here

hydrozoa is soiltary or colonial and what stages does it contain

colonial, polypoid and medusoid

label tree

here