Antibodies, Memory, and Acquired Immunity

B Cells- immunity, main job, effector, and memory?

humoral, antibodies, plasma cells, and yes

T Cells- immunity, main job, effector, and memory?

cell mediated, coordinate/kill, cytotoxic/helper T, and yes

antibody action

antibodies do NOT usually destroy pathogens themselves, instead they help other immune mechanisms destroy them

what are the four important actions of antibodies

1. Neutralization

2. Agglutination

3. Opsonization

4. Complement Activation

Neutralization

antibodies block viruses or toxins from binding to cells

Agglutination

Antibodies cause pathogens to clump together

Opsonization

Antibodies "tag" pathogens for phagocytosis

Complement Activation

Antigen-antibody binding can activate complement

primary immune response process

antigen enters body,

lymphocytes activated,

antibody production begins slowly,

antibody levels rise,

memory cells are produced

secondary immune response process

same antigen enters again,

memory cells recognize it quickly,

much faster response,

much greater antibody production,

longer lasting protection

acquired immunity

the ability to develop immunity after initial exposure to a particular type of antigen

what are the four different mechanisms of developing immunity

1. active immunity

- naturally and artificially

2. passive immunity

- naturally and artificially

naturally acquired active immunity

- immunity as a result of previous exposure to pathogens under natural conditions

- ex: measles, chicken pox, influenza

naturally acquired passive immunity

- immunity caused by the transfer of antibodies from one person to another

- transfer of antibodies from a mother to infant during fetal development

- and transfer of antibodies from mother to infant during breast feeding

- ex: polio, rubella, diptheria

artificially acquired passive immunity

- immunity induced by the introduction of antibodies from an animal or another person,

- antibodies are injected in an active state and therefore provide protection against disease-causing agents immediately

- very effective but very short-lived so will require a booster

- ex: rabies

artificially acquired active immunity

- immunity acquired by artificial introduction of a vaccine administered by injection or orally

- may be long-lasting or lifelong like the measles or polio vaccines

- preferred method of stimulating the immune response

- ex: measles, mumps, rubella

immunization

the ability of the immune system to respond and activate the immune response quickly during repeated exposure to infectious disease

vaccine

- a suspension of parts of microorganism/inactivated whole microorganism/or inactivated toxins

- administered to induce immune response

- effective because the individual already has antibodies to fight against it

- ex: chicken pox/polio/flu