fr md3 lecture 9

What is a team?

Two or more individuals who perform an organizationally relevant task, have joint goals, interact, and depend on each other.

What is a hierarchically nested system?

An organizational structure in which teams or departments are nested within larger organizational units.

What are the three levels of analysis?

Individual level, team level, and cross-level.

What does individual-level analysis focus on?

An individual's characteristics and processes.

What does team-level analysis focus on?

Team features and team processes.

What does cross-level analysis examine?

Relationships between different levels, such as team characteristics and individual performance.

Why can the mean of team members' responses be misleading?

If members' responses vary greatly, the average may not accurately represent a shared team characteristic.

What are the three types of team features?

Global features, shared features, and configural features.

What are global team features?

Objective, descriptive, easily observed, enduring features that characterize the team as a whole.

What are examples of global team features?

Location, size, purpose, and communication tools.

What are shared team features?

Experiences, attitudes, perceptions, values, cognition, or behaviours shared among team members.

What are examples of shared team features?

Perceptions about leadership and team efficacy.

When is aggregation of individual data to the team level justified?

When individual-level data are sufficiently homogeneous within groups.

How can researchers determine whether a team characteristic is shared?

Each team member completes a questionnaire, and researchers assess the level of agreement among members.

What is within-group interrater agreement, rwg(j)?

The degree of agreement among members of a specific team on a particular variable.

What average rwg value is considered sufficient for team-level analysis in the lecture?

An average rwg greater than .70.

What does ICC(1) measure?

The extent to which variability is attributable to differences between teams rather than differences within teams.

What does eta-squared (η²) indicate in the lecture's discussion of team agreement?

The percentage of variance explained by differences between teams.

What eta-squared value does the lecture give as indicating substantial differences between teams?

η² = .15 or higher.

What should researchers do when within-team agreement is sufficient?

Aggregate individual scores, for example by calculating the average, and analyze the team as the unit.

What should researchers do when within-team agreement is insufficient?

Reconsider the theory and measures, analyze data at the individual level, or use multilevel analysis.

What is a configural team feature?

A feature describing team composition, including how team members differ from one another.

What are examples of configural features?

Differences in functional background, education, personality, intelligence, and demographic characteristics.

What is an additive or compensatory task?

A task in which contributions are of equal importance and can compensate for one another.

What is a conjunctive task?

A task in which the lowest-scoring team member has the greatest effect on the outcome.

What is a disjunctive task?

A task in which the highest-scoring team member has the greatest effect on the outcome.

What are some challenges of team and cross-level research?

Large sample requirements, insufficient variability, complicated theory development, and sophisticated analyses that can be misapplied or misinterpreted.

How can team members differ in team composition?

In gender, age, ethnicity, functional background, cognitive ability, personality, attitudes, and values.

What did Bell et al. (2011) report about sex diversity and team performance?

Negligible negative effects overall, with somewhat stronger effects for creativity.

What did Bell et al. (2011) report about age diversity and team performance?

No effect on team performance.

What did Bell et al. (2011) report about race diversity and team performance?

Negligible negative effects overall, with stronger effects for creativity.

What did Bell et al. (2011) report about functional-background diversity?

A small positive effect on team performance.

Which mean team traits were associated with team performance in Bell (2007)?

Cognitive ability (ρ = .33), agreeableness (ρ = .34), conscientiousness (ρ = .33), openness (ρ = .25), emotional stability (ρ = .21), and extraversion (ρ = .18).