Unit 3 Mock Exam

Work in progress... Covers content from lymphatic system A, Immune System A and B

T-lymphocytes are produced in the ________ and mature in the ________

A) Bone marrow, thymus

B) Produced and mature in the thymus

C) Thymus, bone marrow

D) Produced and mature in the bone marrow

A

What allows lymph to flow through the lymph vessels?

Select all that Apply

I. Skeletal muscles

II. Pressure changes in lymph nodes

III. Contractions of the heart

IV. Respiration

V. Gravity

D) i, iv

What is the correct order of lymph flow?

A. ducts > trunks > capillaries

B. capillaries > ducts > trunks

C. ducts > capillaries > trunks

D. trunks > ducts > capillaries

B

Which structure is not a part of the immune system’s first defense?

A) Cilia

B) Thymus

C) Sebaceous gland

D) Epidermis

B

Which structures does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A) Thoracic trunk

B) Right lumbar capillaries

C) Right subclavian trunk

D) Left jugular vein

C

MALT structures are lymph nodes in areas associated with mucosa.

True or False?

A) True

B) False

B

In which region of the thymus do T-lymphocytes mature?

A) Fibrous capsule

B) Cortex

C) Medulla

D) Thyroid

B

Which class of chemical messenger facilitates inflammation?

A) MCH proteins

B) Adrenaline

C) Cytokines

D) None of the above

C

The antimicrobial protein known as _________ stimulate cells to produce proteins that block viral reproduction?

A) MHC II

B) Lysozyme

C) MHC 1

D) Interferon

D

Why is the thymus bigger in children than in adults?

A. Children are more susceptible to disease, and the thymus aids in the development of their immune system

B. The thymus acts as a cushion, protecting children when they fall over

C. The thymus protects delicate organs to ensure their proper development

D. The thymus stays the same size throughout one’s life and seems bigger in proportion to one’s size

A

What MALT structure is responsible for destroying bacteria in the intestinal tract?

A) Nostrils

B) Tonsil

C) Appendix

D) Peyer’s patches

D

What is the correct order of an inflammatory immune response?

1. Delivery of plasma proteins

2. Vasodilation

3. Release of chemotactic factors

4. Recruitment of leukocytes

A) 3,4,2,1

What is the correct order of lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels if lymph is picked up from the foot’s lymphatic capillaries?

A. Lumbar trunk > cisterna chyli > bronchomediastinal trunk > subclavian trunk

B. Left jugular vein > thoracic duct > subclavian trunk > lumbar trunk

C. Lumbar trunk > cisterna chyli > thoracic duct > left jugular vein

D. Cisterna chyli > lumbar trunk > thoracic duct > bronchomediastinal trunk > left jugular vein

C

Which cells are responsible for releasing chemicals to enhance inflammation?

A) Basophils

B) NK cells

C) Phagocytes

D) Eosinophils

A

Why do lymph nodes have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels?

A) None of the below

B) Afferent vessels act as filters, checking incoming lymph

C) Afferent vessels are smaller and need more vessels to counter the amount of lymph exiting the nodes

D) To slow down the flow of lymph

D

Which structure is the last in the sequence of lymph flow?

A) Thoracic trunk

B) Jugular vein

C) Subclavian vein

D) Jugular trunk

B

Which pathway activates the complement system?

A) Exogenous pathway

B) MAC complex

C) Lectin pathway

D) Endogenous pathway

C

True or False?

Toll receptors are a type of pattern-recognition receptor.

A) True

B) False

A

Which is not a function of the spleen?

A) Blood reservoir

B) Recycling of iron and hemoglobin

C) Phagocytosis of dying RBC’s

D) Production and maturation of B-lymphocytes Recycling of iron and hemoglobin

D

Which immune responses initiates cytolysis?

A) C3a pathway

B) MAC complex

C) C3b pathway

D) MHC II complex

B

Which of the following is an example of immune cell signaling molecules?

A) Pattern recognition receptors

B) Histamine

C) Interferon

D) Inflammation

A

An MHC protein is a group of proteins that allow antigens to be expressed on a cell's surface. True or False?

A) True

B) False

A

Toll receptors function on what part of the cell?

A) Inside only

B) Outside only

C) Inside and outside

D) Toll receptors do not act on cells

C

What pathogen triggers proteins to fold abnormally?

*Responsible for Mad Cow disease

A) Fungi

B) Virus

C) Bacteria

D) Prions

D

A complement protein that binds pathogens as an opsonin, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis, best describes which pathway?

A) C5b pathway

B) C3a

C) MAC complex

D) C3b pathway

D

MHC 1 Class proteins can detect healthy and infected cells.

True or False?

A) True

B) False

A

What regions of the antibodies are highlighted in the following region?

A) Constant, Variable

B) Antigen, receptor

C) Receptor, antigen

D) Variable, Constant

D

Which structure would not be included in the MALT?

A. Lungs

B. Nose

C. Tonsils

D. Skin

D

Macrophages use their receptors to assess a cell’s safety by binding to its antigen. This is an example of a _________

A) Toll receptors

B) Antibodies

C) Pattern recognition receptors

D) Antigens

C

What is the function of the C3a complement protein?

A) Act as a first defense immune response

B) Increase inflammation

C) Increase pathogen susceptibility to cytolysis

D) Initiate other pathways

B

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

A) Pain

B) Heat

C) Swelling

D) Redness

E) Pus

E

The primary function of the adaptive immune system is?

A. Lays the foundation for the immune system

B. Elimination and destruction of pathogens and foreign bodies in the body

C. Stimulation of thyroid activity to enhance metabolism

D. Surveillance of foreign bodies and abnormal cells in lymph fluid

B

Approximately how many lymph nodes are in the human body?

A. 800 to 1,000

B. 30 to 60

C. 500 to 700

D. 200 to 380

C

What is the last structure in the blood flow in the spleen?

A) Splenic artery

B) Splenic vein

C) Hepatic portal vein

D) Inferior vena Cava

B

In which regions of the body can lymph nodes be found?

A) Face and neck

B) Breast and arms

C) Legs and pelvis

D) All of the above

D

The two branches of the adaptive immune system are antibody- and cell-mediated.

A) True

B) False

A

What T-cell is most likely to pass negative selection?

A. The T-cell binds to an MHC protein

B. The T-cell recognizes its self-antigen

C.The T-cell does not bind to the MHC protein

D. The T-cell does not recognize its self-antigen

D

Which T-cell is most likely to not pass positive selection?

A. The T-cell binds to an MHC protein

B. The T-cell recognizes its self-antigen

C.The T-cell does not bind to the MHC protein

D. The T-cell does not recognize its self-antigen

C

What is the effector response of CD4 T-cells?

A. Signal interferons to interact with neighboring cells

B. Differentiate into plasma cells

C. Direct contact with antigens from foreign bodies

D. Release cytokines like IL-2

D

After two weeks of contracting COVID, what antibody do you expect to be most prevalent if an antibody titer is done?

A. IgG

B. IgM

C. IgD

D. IgA

A

Which of the following is not a mechanism to inactivate antigens and tag them for destruction?

A. Opsonization

B. Precipitation

C. Activation of basophils

D. Neutralization

C

CD8 T-cell activation involves stimulation from

A. Direct contact with an antigen attached to an MHC I protein

B. Direct contact with a self-antigen

C. Migration from the thymus to the [] of the body

D. Activation happens when the cell passes its selection

A

Blood clumping together to form clots is an example of which immune mechanism?

A. Agglutination

B. Clotting

C. Activation of NK cells

D. Complement activation

A

A patient comes into a clinic experiencing high fever and chills. Upon further inspection, a physician notes swelling in the neck (cervical region). The neck is tender when touched, and the patient reports extreme pain. The following scenario is indicative of what disease?

A. Bird Flu

B. COVID-19

C. Splenectomy

D. Buboes

D

What percentage of thymocytes pass the selection process?

A. 98%

B. 50%

C. 2%

D. 27%

C

Why does the second exposure to an infectious agent have a shorter latent time compared to the initial exposure?

A. There will be an increased presence of macrophages 5 years after the initial exposure

B. Lymphocytes (B-cells) have a memory that allows them to make antibodies

C. Infectious agents can only compromise living organisms once

D. Infectious agents’ chances of colonizing the body decrease after initial exposure

B

True or False?

T-cells and B-cells are activated by the same antigens

A. True

B. False

B

What antibody functions as the first antibody produced in an immune response and can only be found in a fetus?

A. IgM

B. IgD

C. IgA

D. IgG

A

Vaccines are an example of __________ immunity

A. Active natural

B. Passive artificial

C. Passive natural

D. Active artificial

D

A blood transfusion is an example of __________ immunity

A. Passive natural

B. Active natural

C. Passive artificial

D.Active artificial

C

Getting the flu is an example of __________ immunity

A. Active artificial

B. Active natural

C. Passive artificial

D. Passive natural

B

Breast feeding is an example of __________ immunity

A. Passive natural

B. Active artificial

C. Passive artificial

D. Active natural

A

True or False?

Active immunity is obtained when readily made antibodies are introduced to the body

A. True

B. False

B

A bee sting is an example of __________ immunity

A. Active artificial

B. Passive natural

C. Active natural

D. Passive artificial

C

_________ is a form of medicine composed of dead/weakened pathogen

A. Cough syrup

B. Antibiotics

C. Venom

D. Vaccine

D