NURS 100 WEEK 6 QUIZ WCU

Complementary Health Approaches (CHAs)

Interventions that can be used with concentional medical interventions and thus compliment them. (Acupuncture for cancer side effects)

Integrative Health (IH)

The combination of complementary health and conventional health in a coordinated way. (Whole Body)

Allopathic Medicine

another term for conventional, or Western, medical practices and systems of health care

Holism

a concept that considers the whole person; the whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts that are woven together and cannot be separated

Holistic Nursing

regards and treats the mind-body-spirit of the patient

3 Questions for Holistic Nursing

1. What do we know about the meaning of healing?

2. What can we do each day to facilitate healing?

3. How can we be an instrument in the healing process?

Most frequently used CHAs

Nonvitamin, nonmineral, natural products, deep breathing exercises, yoga, chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, meditation, massage

Botanicals (Herbs)

Plant species with medicinal properties

Ayurveda

a system of traditional medicine, understood as a teaching transmitted from the sages

Homeopathy

"Like cures like"

"Law of minimum dose"

Pharmacology

study of drugs

Generic Name

legal noncommercial name for a drug (lowercase)

trade name/brand name

Name selected by pharmaceutical company that sells drug and is protected by trademark. (First letter capitalized)

Pharmacokinetics

The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.

Absorption

Process where drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream.

Route of Administration

Orally take longest. Intramuscular and subcutaneous faster than oral. IV fastest (no absorption).

Bioavailability

portion of a drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells

Lipid solvable

Absorbed more rapidly, pass more easily through cell membrane.

pH

Acidic drugs are well absorbed in stomach.

blood flow and absorption

Increased blood flow means increased absorption rate.

Distribution

After the drug has been injected or absorbed into blood stream (transported through body)

Metabolism

(Biotransformation) change of active drug from original form to inactive or new form. Occurs in liver

Excretion

Process of removing drug or it's metabolites from body. Kidneys excrete through urine

Pharmacodynamics

When drugs act on target cells resulting in cellular reaction and functions.

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

also known as a side-effect, an undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken

Allergic effect

Immune system response

Drug tollerance

a reduction in the body's response to a drug

Toxic effect

specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death

Idiosyncratic effect

an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition

Drug interactions

Additive effect-similar affects, increase effects

Synergistic effect-different sites, greater effects

Antagonistic effect-combined drugs, effect less than individual

Interference-one drug interferes with metabolism of another

Displacement-one drug kicks off other from binding site

teratogenic

producing malformations (in the developing embryo)

Factors Affecting Drug Action

developmental considerations, patient's body weight, patient's gender, genetic and cultural factors, psychological factors, pathology, environment, and timing of medication admin

Ethnopharmacology

study of the effect of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medication, especially drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion

Pharmacogenetics

Area of pharmacology that examines the role of genetics in drug response.

Therapeutic Range

that concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

Peak Level

The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Trough Level

The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Half-Life

The amount of time it takes for 50% of serum concentration of drug to be eliminated from body.

medication reconciliation

A procedure to maintain an accurate and up-to-date list of medications for all patients between all phases of health care delivery.

PRN

as needed

STAT order

single order carried out immediately

Parts of medication order

patients name, date and time the order was written, name of the drug, dosage, route, frequency, and signature of person writing the order

Three checks of drug administration

1. When nurse reaches for the unit dose package or container

2. After retrieval from drawer and compared with the eMAR/MAR or compared to MAR immediately before pouring from multi dose container

3. Before giving unit dose medication to patient it when replacing the multi dose container in the drawer or shelf

Rights of Administration

1. Right medication

2. Right patient

3. Right dose

4. Right route

5. Right time

6. Right reason

7. Right assessment

8. Right documentation

9. Right response

10. Right education

11. Right to refuse

Z-track method

used to minimize local skin irritation by sealing the medication in muscle tissue

pull overlying sking and sub Q tissue laterally to the side 1 -1.5 inches, inject the needle into the muscle leaving in for 10 seconds after injection, then release the skin.