HLTH 212 Anatomy

What is Public Health?

the science and art of protecting, promoting, and

improving the health of entire populations – local neighborhoods

to global communities – through organized, evidence-based

effort

Pathogenesis

the biological process by which a disease or disorder originates, develops, and progresses within the body

Pathophysiology

The study of how a disease, injury, or other condition

affects a patient including both the physical and functional changes that

occur

Pathology

the study of the causes and effects of injuries and diseases.

Physiology

the study of the human body’s systems and various functions,

such as breathing and digestion.

True or False: Disease is not just the absence of health; it is a specific pathological (cause and effect) process

TRUE

homeostasis

maintaining the body’s internal balance under

fluctuating environmental condition – the body’s organ systems normally

maintain temperature, pH, blood composition, and fluid levels within a

precise range and correct any fluctuations before they threaten the body’s

health

Signs

Objective findings observed by a healthcare provider that may point to a possible health issue EXAMPLE: A rash on the hand (you can physical observe)

Symptoms

Subjective experiences reported by the patient, which others may not be

able to see or measure

Acute

come on quickly and are often severe. Issues

that started recently and suddenly. The common cold or flu virus will

cause acute symptoms.

Chronic

long-lasting and usually develop

slowly.

EXAMPLE: Seasonal allergies may cause chronic sinus pain, which can last

for weeks, months or longer.

Relapsing

symptoms get better completely, but come back

later

EXAMPLE: addiction recovery. A relapse of symptoms can also be called a

flare-u

Remitting

symptoms improve or disappear entirely after a

period of time.

Pathology

the study of the cause of diseases and how diseases

affect the body’s tissues at the cellular level.

Pathologist

A pathologist is a physician with specialized training

to study medical conditions using human tissue, blood, urine and

other body fluids.

• They provide essential insight and information to help diagnose and treat

conditions, monitor them and provide prognoses.

Etiology

The study of the cause of a disease.

• What caused/origin of the disease?

Syndrome

A collection of signs, symptoms, and characteristics that

tend to occur together and suggest a specific condition or disorder

Idiopathic

The cause of disease is unknown

Disorder

A functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a specific

cause or physical abnormality. EX: Hemorrhoids

Diagnosis

The identification of a disease, condition, or injury from its

signs and symptom

Inspection (Physical Examination)

Observing the patient’s general appearance, posture, skin, eyes, and other body parts

Palpation (Physical Examination)

Using touch to assess the texture, temperature, and size of tissues and organs

Auscultation (Physical Examination)

Listening to sound within the body, typically using a stethoscope to assess heart and lung function and bowel sounds

Percussion (Physical Examination)

Tapping on the body to produce sounds and evaluate underlying structures and organs

Electrocardiography

A test to record the electrical signals in the heart

• It shows how the heart is beating (sticky patches placed on the chest)

Prognosis

The predicted outcome or course of a disease.

Acute

Disease has a sudden onset and short duration.

Chronic

Disease has a slower, less severe onset and a long

duration of months or years

Terminal

Disease that will end in death.

Remission

Disease signs and symptoms subside or disappear.

Mortality

The number of deaths that occur among people with a certain disease

Morbidity

The state of being symptomatic or unhealthy due to a disease or condition and is typically expressed through prevalence or incidence

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease

Prevalence

The number of existing cases of a disease

Hemophilia, sickle cell, and cystic fibrosis is what category of disease?

Hereditary Diseases

Heart abnormality at birth is what category of disease?

Congenital diseases (birth defects)

Alzheimer’s disease, Osteoarthritis are examples of what kind of category of disease?

Degenerative diseases

Ashma, lupus, hay fever are examples of what kind of category of disease?

Inflammation/allergy/atuoimmunity

Influenza, Tuberculosis, and Syphilis are examples of what kind of category of disease?

Infectious Diseases

Lung Cancer, Breast cancer are examples of what kind of category of disease?

Neoplastic diseases

Diabetes, gigantism, and hypothyroidism are examples of what kind of category of disease?

Metabolic Diseases

Burns, Frostbite, Bone fractures are what kind of category of diseases?

Trauma

Irion-deficiency anemia, obesity are what category of dieases?

Nutritional-imbalance dieases’s

Modifiable

Changeable lifestyle choices (tobacco use, alcohol

consumption) or conditions that can be altered to reduce the

likelihood of developing diseases

Nonmodifiable

Unchangeable personal characteristics that

increase the likelihood of developing diseases – e.g.,

cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes. Primary factors

include advancing age, gender, race and ethnicity, and family

history (genetics

Palliative

Provide comfort and relieve pain – people with terminal

cancer

Pharmacologic

Use of specific drugs to cure or relieve signs and

symptoms – antibiotics to kill bacteria that cause pneumonia and

analgesics control pain associated with cancer

Surgical

Remove a tumor or repair an intestinal defect

Psychiatric/Psychological

Treatments used for anxiety and depression