Science 10 Biology - Genetics and Modes of Inheritance Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering modes of inheritance, genetic terms, monohybrid crosses, and Punnett squares based on Science 10 Biology lecture notes.

Incomplete Dominance

A mode of inheritance where neither allele is fully expressed in a heterozygous individual, resulting in an intermediate phenotype being expressed.

Codominance

A mode of inheritance where both alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygous individual.

Sex-Linked Trait

A trait where the gene that codes for it is found on a sex chromosome.

X-Linked Trait

A trait where the gene is found on the X chromosome.

Carrier

Someone who carries a recessive allele but does not express the recessive trait, which is only relevant for dominant/recessive modes of inheritance.

Cross

The deliberate mating of two parents.

Monohybrid Cross

A cross where only 1 trait is analyzed.

Hybrid

An offspring where the individuals display a different genotype (and possibly phenotype too) from either parent.

Genotypic Ratio

The frequency of genotypes in the resulting offspring.

Phenotypic Ratio

The frequency of phenotypes in the resulting offspring.

Punnett Squares

Tools that help predict the probability of certain phenotypes being expressed from a cross by displaying all possible combinations of alleles from both parents.

Homozygous Dominant

A genotype possessing two dominant alleles, represented as $BB$ in pea flower colour genetics.

Heterozygous

A genotype possessing one dominant and one recessive allele, represented as $Bb$ in pea flower colour genetics.

Homozygous Recessive

A genotype possessing two recessive alleles, represented as $bb$ in pea flower colour genetics.