IGCSE Physics ALL FORMULAS

speed

distance/time

average velocity

total distance/total time

acceleration

change in velocity/change in time

weight

mass x gravitational field strength

density

mass/volume

hookes law

force= spring constant x extension

newtons second law

force= mass x acceleration

moment

force x perpendicular distance from pivot

principle of moments

sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments

momentum

mass x velocity

impulse

impulse = change in momentum

impulse

force x time

work

force x distance moved

power

work/time

kinetic energy

½ x mass x velocity2

gravitational potential energy

mass x gravitational pull x height

efficiency (power)

useful power output/total power input x 100

efficiency (energy)

useful energy output/total energy input x 100

pressure (on a surface)

force/area

fluid pressure

density x gravitational pull x height

Boyles law (constant temperature)

pressure x volume = constant

specific heat capacity

change in energy/mass x temperature change

temperature in kelvin

temperature + 273

wave speed

frequency x wavelength

frequency

1/ time period

refractive index (refraction)

sine of angle of incidence/sine of refraction

refractive index (light speed)

speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in medium

refractive index (critical angle)

1/sine of critical angle

current

charge/time

e.m.f

work done on charge/charge

potential difference

work done by charge/ charge

ohms law

current x resistance

power

current x voltage

power loss

current2 x resistance

energy transferred (current)

p.d x current x time

energy transferred (power)

power x time

potential divider

ratio of resistances = ratio of p.d

resistors in series

total resistance = sum of resistors

resistors in parallel

total resistance= inverse sum of resistances

transformer equation

secondary voltage/primary voltage = turns in secondary coil/ turns in primary coil

transformers (100% power transfer)

primary voltage/secondary voltage = secondary current/primary current

radioactive alpha decay

radioactive beta decay

radioactive gamma decay

average orbital speed

orbital circumference/time period

Hubble constant

recessional velocity/ distance to galaxy

estimate for age of the universe

1/hubble constant