BIOL 5500 - T Cell Activation

What in the sites of infection take up pathogen-derived antigens?

Dendritic Cells

Where do DC migrate to when triggered by PAMPs and inflammation at the site of infection?

Draining Lymph Nodes

What do DC undergo to enhance their ability to present antigen and activate T Cells?

Maturation

What stage of T Cells are they prior to recognition of antigen and activation?

Naive T Cells

Which stage of T cell needs several signals to become activated and will die within weeks without antigen stimulation?

Naive

Which stage of T Cells is an activated cell, antigen-experienced, and needs only one signal to respond - MHC-Peptide and is short lived?

Effector

What stage of T Cells is antigen experienced and remain in an easily activated state indefinitely and require only one signal to become re-activated?

Memory

What are the costimulatory molecules that are uniquely expressed by DC, Macrophages, or B cells when they have been activated by infection or inflammation?

B7-1 and B7-2

Which of the following is considered signal 2 for T cell activation?

Costimulatory Molecules

B7-1 is also known as what?

CD80

B7-2 is also known as what?

CD86

What does B7 bind to onto the T cell?

CD28

TCR initiate signaling cascade thorugh what?

CD3, CD4, and CD8

Where does the immune synapse form at?

Site of T Cell-APC interaction

Activation of kinase ZAP-70 initiates a series of reaction that leads to the activation of what?

PLC-gamma

IP3 increases Ca2+ concentration where to activate a phosphatase and calcineurin?

Intracellular

What transcription factor does calcineurin activate?

NFAT

Diglycerol leads to the transcription factors of what?

NFkB and AP-1

IP3 leads to the transcription factor or what?

NFAT

Does p-SMAC or c-SMAC contain mostly adhesion moelcules?

p-SMAC

Does p-SMAC or c-SMAC contain TCR, costimulatory molecules, and lots of signaling molecules?

C-SMAC

What is the most important cytokine for T Cell proliferation?

IL-2

What chains of the IL-2 receptor does Naive T Cells have?

gamma and beta

What chains of the IL-2 receptor does Activated T Cells have?

gamma, beta, and alpha

Which IL-2 receptor has low affinity?

Naive T Cells

Which IL-2 receptor has high affinity?

Activated T Cells

Is IL-2 secretion positive or negative feedback?

Positive Feedback

When the T cell encounters APC with only the first signal and not the second signal, what occurs to the T Cell?

T Cell becomes Anergic

When the T cell encounters APC with only the second signal and not the first signal, what occurs to the T Cell?

No effect on T Cell

What is the first activation signal?

Specific MHC-peptide comples

What is the second activation signal?

Costimulation through B7-1 or B7-2

What are a type of CD4 T Cell that suppress immune responses to prevent the immune system from overreacting?

TREGS

If a naïve T cell is induced to undergo anergy, it must have received

Signal 1 without signal 2

What cell releases perforin, granzymes, and granulysin?

CTL

What cells is CTL?

CD8 T Cells