TOPIK KOREAN 1-16

은/는

Topic particle; marks what the sentence is about.

이/가

Subject particle; marks who or what performs the action or has a quality.

을/를

Object particle; marks what receives the action.

은 vs 는

은 follows a consonant; 는 follows a vowel.

이 vs 가

이 follows a consonant; 가 follows a vowel.

을 vs 를

을 follows a consonant; 를 follows a vowel.

저는 한국어를 공부해요

I study Korean.

친구가 왔어요

My friend came.

고 싶다

To want to do something.

고 싶어요

I want to do something.

고 싶었어요

I wanted to do something.

고 싶어서

Because I want to do something.

한국에 가고 싶어요

I want to go to Korea.

먹고 싶어요

I want to eat.

(으)려고 하다

To intend or plan to do something.

가려고 해요

I plan to go.

공부하려고 해요

I plan to study.

만나려고 해요

I plan to meet someone.

(으)면

If or when.

(으)면 좋겠어요

It would be nice if; I hope.

시간이 있으면 갈 거예요

If I have time, I will go.

한국어를 잘하면 좋겠어요

I hope I become good at Korean.

아/어도

Even if; although.

지만

But; however.

비싸도 사고 싶어요

Even if it is expensive, I want to buy it.

좋지만 어려워요

It is good, but difficult.

기 때문에

Because; due to.

아/어서

Because; so; and then.

바쁘기 때문에 못 가요

I cannot go because I am busy.

피곤해서 일찍 잤어요

I slept early because I was tired.

(으)ㄴ/는 반면에

Whereas; on the other hand.

좋은 반면에 비싸요

It is good, whereas it is expensive.

한국은 겨울에 추운 반면에 여름에는 더워요

Korea is cold in winter, whereas summer is hot.

(으)ㄹ 수 있다

Can; to be able to.

(으)ㄹ 수 없다

Cannot; to be unable to.

한국어를 할 수 있어요

I can speak Korean.

수영할 수 없어요

I cannot swim.

(으)ㄴ 적이 있다

Have experienced or done something before.

(으)ㄴ 적이 없다

Have never experienced or done something.

아/어 본 적이 있다

Have tried doing something before.

한국에 간 적이 있어요

I have been to Korea.

김치를 먹어 본 적이 있어요

I have tried eating kimchi.

아/어야 하다

Must; have to.

지 않아도 되다

Do not have to.

(으)면 안 되다

Must not; should not.

공부해야 해요

I have to study.

오늘은 가지 않아도 돼요

I do not have to go today.

여기에서 사진을 찍으면 안 돼요

You must not take pictures here.

(으)ㄴ/는데

Background information; context; contrast.

는데

Present tense with action verbs.

(으)ㄴ데

Present tense with descriptive verbs.

았/었는데

Past tense background or contrast.

날씨가 좋은데 산책할까요?

The weather is nice, shall we take a walk?

바쁜데 시간이 없어요

I am busy, and I do not have time.

(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

Not only...but also.

한국어뿐만 아니라 일본어도 공부해요

I study not only Korean but also Japanese.

그 사람은 친절할 뿐만 아니라 똑똑해요

That person is not only kind but also smart.

(으)면서

While doing two actions.

음악을 들으면서 공부해요

I study while listening to music.

걸으면서 전화했어요

I talked on the phone while walking.

(으)ㄹ 때

When; at the time of an action.

았/었을 때

When something happened in the past.

어릴 때

When I was young.

한국에 갔을 때

When I went to Korea.

밥을 먹을 때

When eating a meal.

(으)ㄹ수록

The more...the more.

(으)면 (으)ㄹ수록

The more one does something, the more something happens.

공부할수록 재미있어요

The more I study, the more interesting it becomes.

한국어를 많이 연습하면 할수록 잘해져요

The more I practice Korean, the better I become.

아/어 보이다

To look or seem a certain way.

아/어 보다

To try doing something.

N처럼 보이다

To look like something.

피곤해 보여요

You look tired.

맛있어 보여요

It looks delicious.

한국 사람처럼 보여요

You look like a Korean person.

먹어 보세요

Try eating it.

입어 봤어요

I tried it on.

약속

Appointment; promise.

경험

Experience.

목표

Goal.

준비하다

To prepare.

연습하다

To practice.

노력하다

To make an effort.

성공하다

To succeed.

실패하다

To fail.

선택하다

To choose.

결정하다

To decide.

비교하다

To compare.

변화

Change.

이유

Reason.

결과

Result.

관계

Relationship.

문화

Culture.

환경

Environment.

기회

Opportunity.

장점

Advantage; strength.

단점

Disadvantage; weakness.

필요하다

To be necessary.

중요하다

To be important.

다양하다

To be diverse; varied.