Soc 101 Exam 3 Curiel

race

a biological classification of human groups that share similar physical. characteristics. such as skin color, etc

contact hypothesis

argues that the more people get to know members of a minority group personally, the less likely they are to be prejudiced against that group

prejudice

a positive or negative attitude toward a group or category of people. generalization applies to all members of that particular group

Discrimination

an action that disqualifies members of a particular group from social opportunities. ex: college admission. can include gender bias, age bias, or physical bias

scapegoat

a person or category of people wrongfully blamed for the problems of others. nazi germany blamed the jews for losing ww1

assimilation

the process in which a minority group is absorbed into the larger society. either voluntary or forced. the group will lose many of its unique cultural characteristics as it adopts those of the dominant group

selective perception

the process by which individuals perceive what they want to see in news or social media presentations while ignoring all opposing viewpoints

dominant group

A category of people whose values, language, customs, and traditions are practiced and enforced in a given society over that of others.

institutional discrimination

often built into society's social structure. may be intentional or unintentional. minorities argued that this makes it difficult for them to get hired in many job fields and often disqualifies them from home and credit loans

genocide

the systematic murder of a population for biological, political, religious, territorial, and economic reasons

internal colonialism

the policy of a dominant group exploiting minority groups within a nation or territory for political or economic gain. ex:slavery

jim crow laws

were a series of segregation laws passed by southern state legislatures after the civil war to ensure segregation at the state level. considered constitutional in 1896

racial formation

the process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed. ex: the reservation system forcing native american assimilation

amalgamation

refers to the marriage between two people from different racial groups. only legal since 1967, after the supreme court determined that a marriage legal in one state is legal in all.

gender stratification

is a society's unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between the two sexes

sexual harassment

any unwanted sexual advances, usually in the professional workplace. practiced by superiors

sex

the biological characteristics that includes chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and other physical or physiological attributes that distinguishes males and females from each other

gender

refers to the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of what it means to be a male or female. it is learned

Feminism

is a philosophy that maintains that women and men should be equal politically, economically, and socially

first wave

two branches of feminism existed, radical and conservative. conservative branch dominated, wanted the right to vote for women

second wave

began in the late 1960's as women began working outside of the home. had broad goals of changing work roles and equal pay, to reforming policies that deal with violence/sexual harassment against women in the workplace

third wave

focused on women in the least industrialized nations. includes the right for females to have an education, the right to vote and hold positions in political office, reproductive rights (birth control), fight sex slavery, ending honor killings, and institutional sexism.

glass ceiling

the invisible barrier created by individual and institutional sexism that prevents qualified women from advancing to high levels of leadership or corporate management

glass escalator

the belief that there is a rapid promotion of men over women, in the areas of management, politics and even in female-dominated fields such as nursing

rapes going unreported

most rape victims know their attackers, they are reluctant to report the crime. about 40% of victims do not report the crime. some women blame themselves, or are afraid of the consequences for the attacker.

marriage

a socially recognized union between two or more individuals that typically involves sexual and economic rights and duties.

family

a socially defined relationship among at least two people related by birth, marriage, adoption, or cohabitation

propinquity

refers to the physical or psychological proximity between people

endogamy

requires a person to marry a person from inside their own race, group, or tribe

exogamy

requires a person to marry someone from outside his or her own group

homogamy

the expectation that a person should marry someone who has similar social characteristics. includes financial standing, education, & physical appearance

polyandry

involves one wife who is married to more than one husband

polygyny

involves one husband married to more than one wife

nuclear family

includes the married couple as well as their children

extended family

includes grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins

family of orientation

the birth or adopted family who raises the individual

family of procreation

a family the individual will establish on their own

boomerang children

are young adults who moved out of their parent's home but then end up moving back in

fictive kin

are nonrelatives or close friends who are accepted as part of the family

blended family

a family whose members were once part of other families. two divorced people who bring their children into the new marriage and form a new family unit

sandwich generation

a problem encountered by many couples who face the same dilemma of caring for dependent children at home and their aging parents at the same time

racial group

not determined biologically, a social construct. people who share visible physical characteristics that members of a society consider socially important

ethnic group

people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage.

minority group

people who may be treated differently or unequally because of their physical or cultural characteristics, such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, or skin color. have less power and privilege

multiculturalism

minority groups maintain aspects of their original culture while living peacefully with the host culture. "little china"

largest minority group

Latinos

stereotypes

an oversimplified or exaggerated generalization about a group of people. can be positive or negative

gender inequality

women are considered a minority group because of the unequal treatment and opportunities compared to men

gender differences

we learn how to be male or female because we internalize behavior patterns expected of each sex. through interactions with family members, teachers, friends and the larger society.

honor killing

the murder of a family member- usually female- who is believed to have brought dishonor to her family

sexual harassment reason

to assert their power and control across cultures and over time

matriachy

the oldest females control cultural, political, and economic resources and consequently have power over the males

patriarchy

opposite of matriarchy

marriage and divorce rates

by age 65 95% of americans have been married at least once, over a lifetime, about half of first marriages end in divorce

Cohabitation

based on emotional rather than legal ties like marriage

marital satisfaction

decreases after the birth of the first child.

functionalist theory

examines how the family is organized and what functions it serves in meeting the needs and demands of society. a strong nuclear family = good

developmental theory

1. the family life cycle divides the family experience into phases over life span

2. growth responsibilities arise at certain stages in the life of the family

symbolic interaction theory

the family is a unity of personalities who interact through symbols, such as words. the develop roles within

systems theory

emphasizes the interdependence of family members and how each family member affects the others. ex: introducing a new spouse impact

exchange theory

based on the principle that we enter into relationships in which we maximize our benefits and minimize costs

conflict theory

argued that adversity within the family is normal. the task is to learn how to manage conflict through compromise, etc