GPH exam (stuff i dont know)

The UN

created following World War II to safeguard global peace and ensure the horrors of the Holocaust would never occur again.

UNICEF

United Nations Children's Fund

What does the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) do?

protects the human rights, health, and education of children in over 190 countries, especially in humanitarian emergencies.

OCHA

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UNHCR

The UN Refugee Agency

What does the UNHCR do?

protects and safeguards the rights of refugees worldwide and helps facilitate resettlement or return home

WHO

World Health Organization

How many countries are in WHO

194

WFP

World Food Programme

What is the main goal of the WFP (World Food Programme)?

To end world hunger

What does the WFP do?

Deliver food assistance in emergencies

How many people do the WFP help?

More than 150 million people in 120 countries

Where has the WFP purchased their goods from?

America

From who (in America) did the WFP purchase their goods from?

American farmers and food producers

What does UNAIDS stand for?

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS

What does UNAIDS do?

Stop the spread of HIV and end AIDS

What is Gavi?

An international vaccine alliance

What is Gavi’s goal?

To help save lives and protect people’s health by increasing equitable and sustainable use of vaccines.

How many people has Gavi helped vaccinate?

1.1 billion children in 78 lower-income countries

How many deaths has Gavi helped prevent?

18.8 million deaths

What is the Global Fund’s goal?

To defeat AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria and ensure a healthier, safer and more equitable future for all

The Gates foundation

one of the world's largest private charitable organizations, using billions of dollars to fight disease and poverty globally and improve education in the United States

What does CHAI stand for?

The Clinton Health Assess Initiative

What is CHAI?

a nonprofit global health organization committed to building a world in which everyone is able to live a healthy and fulfilling life.

What has CHAI done/ is doing?

Getting medication prices lower and into the right hands

What does PEPFAR stand for?

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

What does PEPFAR do?

It works to prevent, treat, and manage the global HIV/AIDS epidemic across more than 50 countries by 2030.

PEPFAR is…

The largest commitment by any nation to address a single disease in history

PEPFAR has saved __ million lives

26

CDC

center of disease and control

What is the CDC?

the lead U.S. government agency for public health and infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response activities

Global health security is a ___ ___ for America

Best Buy

Doctors Without Borders (MSF)

We work to ensure that our teams can reach people in need without restriction and provide aid directly

The Peace Corps

an independent agency of the United States government that trains and deploys American volunteers to assist with community-led international development

How long do the volunteers in the peace corps stay oversees for?

Over two years

When and who started the peace corps

1961 by President Kennedy

What do the volunteers at peace corps do?

travel to developing countries all over the world to assist with many ongoing efforts including AIDS education, business training, and information infrastructure development.

How many cases did the Covid-19 pandemic have? (Globally)

778,474,217

How many deaths did Covid-19 have?

7,099,716

How many vaccines were administered during Covid-19?

13.64 billion

Smallpox becomes the first disease to be

eradicated

What does the AACU do?

It addresses diversity, global engagement, and social responsibility as compelling educational and institutional priorities that help students and campuses engage the social, civic, and economic challenges of a diverse and unequal world.

Polio was

Eliminated in all but a few countries

UNAIDS (2020) has helped…

Reduce new HIV infections by 40% since it’s peak in 1998

Since 2010, new HIV infections has..

Declined by 23%. From 2.1 million to 1.7 million in 2019

AIDS- related mortality has declined by __ since 2010

39%

WHO definition of health (1946)

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Huber eat al, 2011 new definition of health

the ability to adapt and to self-manage

A dimension approach to wellness

Emotional, financial, spiritual, occupational, physical, intellectual, and environmental

Emotional

Coping effectively with life and creating satisfying relationships

Financial

Satisfaction with current and future financial situations

Social

Developing a strong sense of connection, belonging, and a well-developed support system

Spiritual

Expanding our sense of purpose and meaning of life

Occupational

Personal satisfaction and enrichment derived from one’s work

Physical

Recognizing the need to physical activity, diet, sleep, and nutrition

Intellectual

Recognizing creative abilities and finding ways to expand knowledge and skills

Environmental

Good health by occupying pleasant, stimulating environments that support well-being

Example of dimension of wellness intersecting

Eating disorders, STI, opioid addiction

Public health (CDC)

the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities

Public health is the science of ____ _____ prevention

Population based

Examples of public health activities

Handwashing promotion, mass dosing of children against worms, large-scale screening of the eyesight of school children, screening for diabetes and hypertension

Public health focus

Population

Public health ethical basis

Public service

Public health emphasis

Disease prevention and health promotion for communities

Public health interactions

Broad spectrum that may target the environment, human behavior, lifestyle, and medical care

Medicine focus

Individual

Medicine ethical basis

Personal service

Medicine emphasis

Disease diagnose, treatment, and care for individuals

Medicine intervention

Emphasis on medical care

Global health definition

an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

Examples of global health issues

Emerging/reemerging infectious diseases

Eradication of polio

TB, Malaria, HIV

Increase rates of diabetes and heart disease globally

Determinants of health (WHO)

• income

• Social status

• Education

• Physical environment

• Social support networks

• Genetics

• Health services

• Gender/ sex

Key issues in global health

• environmental health

• Nutrition

• Women’s health

• Children’s health

• Communicable diseases

• Non-communicable diseases

• Injuries

US sustainable goals

• no poverty

• Zero hunger

• Good health and well-being

• Quality education

• Gender equality

• Clean water & sanitation

• Affordable and clean energy

• Decent work & economic growth

Industry

and many more

How many people were infected during the 2014-2016 Ebola pandemic?

28,616+

How many people died during the 2014-2016 Ebola pandemic?

11,310

Case- fatality rate of 2014-2016 Ebola pandemic

40%

Why did the Ebola pandemic last long?

No vaccine available at the time

2026 Ebola outbreak- how many confirmed cases? (CDC,2026)

6,062

How many confirmed deaths in the 2026 Ebola outbreak?

2913

What is the case fatality rate for Ebola outbreak in 2026?

48%

Which programs helped during the 2014-2016 Ebola pandemic

• Doctors Without Borders

• CDC

• UNMEER (UN mission for Ebola emergency response)

• WHO

• ASEOWA

Communicable disease

an illness that spreads from one person, animal, or surface to another

Nipah virus (communicable disease)

A zoonotic virus, meaning that it initially spreads between animals and people. The animal host reservoir for NiV is the fruit bat

• recent epidemic in India

Nipah virus symptoms

acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.

Nipah virus prevention

• Freshly collected date palm juice should be boiled, and fruits should be thoroughly washed and peeled before consumption

• Fruits with signs of bat bites should be discarded

• Areas where bats are known to roost should be avoided.

Monkeypox (communicable disease)

a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. A part of the same family of viruses as variola virus, the virus that causes smallpox.

Monkeypox symptoms

are similar to smallpox symptoms, but milder.

• Rarely fatal

Monkeypox is NOT related to

Chickenpox

Mpox hit the US In 2022 causing (globally)

99,518 cases (globally) and 32,063 in the US

Monkeypox prevention

• don’t touch rash/ scabs

• Don’t kiss, cuddle, or have sex with anyone who has the disease

• Avoid contact with objects

• Wash your hands often

DALYs

Disability- adjusted life years

Smallpox and 1918 influenza are caused by a

Virus

Malaria is caused by a

Parasite

The Leading cause of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa among all age groups

Malaria

What does screening do?

controls the spread of a many infections

Ex: HIV, STDS, tuberculosis, and syphilis

Screening for communicable disease has been linked With

Case finding

salmonella, e.coli

Foodborne

Cholera, rotavirus

Waterborne

Hepatitis, HIV

Sexual or bloodborne