Lipids and Ketones

functions of lipids and ketones

energy source

structure in cell membrane

secondary messenger and receive hormones

which ones contribute to hyperlipaemia in serum

chylomicron

LDL

VLDL

containing TAGs

what does IDL do

transport phospholipids and cholesterol esters from plasma VLDLs and IDLs to non-hepatic cells, hepatocytes and macropahges, and don’t contribute to serum hyperlipaemia

why is cholesterol as cholesterol esters

becuase otherwise it is toxic in the blood

what does HDL do in relation to cholesterol

transports excess cholesterol from hepatocytes and enterocytes and returns to hepatocytes to recycle

name of horse condition

equine hyperlipaemia

hyperlipidemic syndrome

levels for hyperlipidaemic syndrome

over 5.6mmol/L in serum

cuases of hypocholesterolaemia

liver disease

PSS
PLE

addison’s disease

nephrotic syndrome

hypothyroidism

liprotein lipase deficiency (less breakdown)

acute pancreattiis

obstructive cholestasis

diabetes mellitus

hyperadrenocorticism

being a BRiard dog

idopathic in miniature schauzer

how long should you fast when measuring cholesterol or TAG levels

12 hours or overnight

what is the process of ketogenesis

excess beta oxidation of fatty acids

more acetyl coA formed than metabolised in krebs

hepatocytes transform to AcAc

AcAc can be converted to BHB or acetone

due to glucagon, not insulin

what are teh general cuases of ketogenesis

DM

starvation

prolonged anorexia

how are TAGs hydrolysed from adipose tissue

hormone-sensitive lipase