Inorganic Crystalline terminology

Band

many closely spaced molecular orbitals of nearly continuous energu

valence band

HOMO

conduction band

LUMO

insulator

large energy gap between valence and conduction band

energy (band) gap

energy difference between the top of valence band and bottom of conduction band where no electronic states exist

conductor

partly filled conduction and valence bands

increasing temp on conductor effect

makes the conductor worse

semiconductors

full valence band, empty conductance band, close together

- a few electrons can jump into the vacant conduction band

at low temp, semiconductors are good __________

insulators (not as good as an insulator)

at high temp, semiconductors are good __________

conductors (not as good as a conductor)

doped semiconductors

adding small amounts of impurity atoms to an intrinsic (pure) semiconductor to control its electrical conductivity.

intrinsic semiconductor

pure semiconductor form

EF: about in the middle of gap

n-type semiconductor

" more negative"

- dopant has more electrons

- better conductor

EF: raised above new band

p-type semiconductor

"more positive"

- dopant has less electrons

- better insulator

EF: lowered below new band

fermi level (EF)

energy at which electron is equally likely to be in either band

photovoltaic cells

p-n junction with energy gap = hv of a light source

LED (light emitting diode)

p-n junction with forward bias

chelate ligand

ligand with more than 1 point for electron donation

bidente (en)

molecule that has 2 nitrogen atoms causing 2 points for electron donationg

high spin decimal

.6

low spin decimal

-.4

overall ka formula

product of individual ka’sma

magnetic moment formula (μs)

(n(n+2))^1/2

n=unpaired electron

strong field ligands are

low spin

weak field ligands are

high spin

what rows of the transitional metals are always low spin

2nd and 3rd

what ligands are low spin

CN and CO

what ligands are high spin

halogens