APUSH | 3.1-3.4 Key Terms

Seven Years’ War

(1754-1763) global conflict between France & Britain over colonies, caused damages to Britain’s economy

Albany Plan of Union

(1754) put together by Benjamin Franklin to create a more centralized colonial government that would establish policies regarding defense, trade , & expansion, as well as facilitate better relations with American Indians

Guerrila

Nontraditional military tactics typically employed against better supplied forces

Peace of Paris

(1763) ending the Seven Years’ War, giving Britain control of North America east of the Mississippi River & Canada

Proclamation Line

(1763) restricted colonial settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, sparked protest from rich & poor colonists

Speculators

People who invest in business ventures in order to make a profit

Political sovereignty

The freedom to self-govern

Salutary neglect

(1700-1760) Britain relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs as long as the colonies produced sufficient revenue

Quartering Act

(1765) ensuring British soldiers would remain stationed in the colonies after the Seven Years’ War

Sugar Act

(1764) imposing an import tax on sugar, wines, and other luxury goods while decreasing taxes on molasses

Currency Act

(1764) preventing colonial assemblies from printing paper money or bills of credit, curtailing their economies from expanding

Committee of Correspondence

Committees first established in Massachusetts to circulate concerns & reports to protest

Stamp Act

(1764) imposed a duty on all transactions involving paper items, printed widespread protests & was eventually repealed

Virtual representation

British claimed that direct representation of colonists was unnecessary parliament virtually represent their interests

Sons of Liberty

Boston, protest Stamp Act, unrest leading to American Rev

Daughters of Liberty

Group of female protesters, challenged the new taxes through boycotts & the homespun movements

Vox Populi

Dedicated to repeal the Stamp Act, mean “voice of the people” in Latin

Virginia Resolves

Five resolutions passed in 1765 by the Virginia House of Burgesses to denounce taxation without representation

Effigy

Roughly made images or model of a person to be destroyed as a result of protest

Stamps Act Congress

17 delegates from 9 colonies met in NYC to petition Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

Tyranny

Unfair or oppressive form of rule

Declaratory Act

(1766) announcing Parliament’s authority to pass any law to bind the colonies closer to Britain

Townshed Acts

(1767) instituted an import tax on a range of of items including glass, lead, paint, etc., prompted boycotts and violence against British soldiers

Boston massacre

(1770) clash between colonial protestors & British troops in Boston, led to the death of 5 colonists, used to promote patriot cause

Tea Act

(1773) Amie’s to reduce the financial debts of Britain by allowing the British East India Company have a tea monopoly in America

Boston tea party

(Dec 15, 1773) colonists dressed up as American Indians dumping tea into the water

Coercive Acts

(1774) response to the Boston tea party, closed Boston ports until colonists paid for the damages

Quebec Act

(1774) extending the boundary of Quebec to areas of the Ohio River Valley, stripping away Colonists’ liberties of settling there

Intolerable Acts

The name colonial patriots referred to the Coercive & Quebec Acts

Pontiac’s War

Dissatisfied with British/European control & wants to eliminate the White’s influence, siege of Fort Detroit & Pitt

Neolin

American Indian prophet in Ohio, Natives were corrupted by adopting European customs & needed to purify by eliminating them

Writs of Assistance

General court order that allowed British customs officers to search colonial homes for smuggled goods without specific evidence

Vice admiralty courts

Legal bodies set up by the British Crown to handle maritime law, trade disputes, & naval prize cases by judges/admirals

Patriots

American colonists who favored the movement for independence

Continental Congress

Convened in Philadelphia in 1774 to respond to the Coercive Acts, hoped to reestablish the freedoms colonists previously had

Continental Army

Created after the Battle of Lexington & Concord by the Second Continental Congress

Minutemen

Militia groups trained to prepare quickly for local defense in case of British attack

Second continental congress

Served as a national gov during the American Rev, limited formal powers & coordinated the war efforts & negotiations

Battle of Bunker Hill

(1775) British troops narrowly defeated patriot militias, embodying patriot forces

Dunmore’s proclamation

(1775) issued by British Lord Dunmore that offered freedom to all enslaved African Americans who joined British army

Declaration of Independence

Declaring independence of the colonies from Great Britain, drafted by Thomas Jefferson & debated & revised by the continental Congress, July 4, 1776

Loyalists

Colonial supporters of the British during the American Rev

Battle of Saratoga

(Oct, 1777) NY, patriot victory that provided hope for the French to join the Colonist’s side

Battle of Yorktown

(Oct 19, 1681) surrender of British forces in Virginia, effectively sealing patriot’s victory in the American Rev

Treaty (Peace) of Paris

(1783) Formally ended the American Rev

Common Sense

January 1776, written by Thomas Paine, helped justify independence for colonists