Lab 2.1 - Vertebral Column

Typical Vertebra Key Features

1. Vertebral body

2. Pedicle

3. Transverse processes

4. Lamina

5. Spinous process

6. Vertebral arch

7. Vertebral foramen

8. Superior and Inferior Articular Processes (with Facets)

9. Intervertebral foramina

Vertebral body

located anteriorly; is the largest of the vertebrae

Pedicle

short, thick projections that extend posteriorly from either side of the vertebral body

Transverse Processes

two lateral projections extending form each pedicle; serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments

Lamina

a flat plate of bone that connects the transverse processes to the spinous process

Spinous process

a posterior projection from the fused laminae; provide attachment for muscles and ligaments

Vertebral arch

formed by the fusion of the pedicles and laminae, creating the posterior part of the vertebra

Vertebral foramen

large opening formed by the vertebral arch

• central opening that the spinal cord passes through

• series of vertebral foramina forms the vertebral canal

Superior and Inferior Articular Processes (with Facets)

Extends from the junction of the pedicle and lamina; smooth surfaces where the articulation occurs

• Superior - face upward to articulate the vertebra above

• Inferior - face downward to articulate the vertebra below

Intervertebral foramina

Openings between adjacent vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit the spinal column