EPS Civil Engineering 178 Formulas

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4 Terms

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Ohm’s Law (Macroscopic and Microscopic)

  • Relates total voltage (V, in Volts), current (I, in Amperes), and resistance (R, in Ohms).

  • Relates current density (J, in A/m²), electrical conductivity (σ, in S/m), and electric field (E, in V/m).


<ul><li><p><span>Relates total voltage (V, in Volts), current (I, in Amperes), and resistance (R, in Ohms). </span></p></li><li><p>Relates current density (J, in A/m²), electrical conductivity (σ, in S/m), and electric field (E, in V/m).</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Resistivity (ρ) vs. Resistance (R)

Resistivity (in Ω⋅m) is an intrinsic material property independent of sample geometry, where A is cross-sectional area and L is length.

<p>Resistivity (in Ω⋅m) is an intrinsic material property independent of sample geometry, where A is cross-sectional area and L is length.</p>
3
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General Four-Electrode Formula

Where rij is the distance between current electrode i and potential electrode j.

<p>Where rij is the distance between current electrode i and potential electrode j.</p>
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Wenner Array

All four electrodes are equally spaced by distance a along a line (C₁ - P₁ - P₂ - C₂).

<p>All four electrodes are equally spaced by distance a along a line (C₁ - P₁ - P₂ - C₂).</p>