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Psychotherapy

The treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods.

Psychosurgery

Surgical procedures that destroy tissue in small regions of the brain in an effort to treat psychological disorders.

Psychiatrists

Medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy

Brief electrical shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce depression that does not respond to drug treatments

Psychologists

Among therapists, those who have completed a master's or (usually) doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology and who may have received additional specialty training.

Neuroleptic Drugs

Medications that alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia

Psychoanalysis

A method of psychotherapy that seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding unconscious thoughts and emotions.

Client Centered Therapy

A therapy that allows the client to decide what to talk about, without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist

Tranquilizing Drugs

Drugs that reduce feelings of anxiety

Unconditional Positive Regard

A therapist attitude that conveys caring for and acceptance of the client as a valued person

Empathy

The therapist's attempt to appreciate and understand how the world looks from the client's point of view.

Active Listening (reflection)

Conveying empathy on the part of the therapist by paraphrasing a client's statements and noting accompanying feelings.

Congruence

Consistency between a therapist's feelings and the therapist's behavior toward clients.

Gestalt Therapy

An active treatment designed to help clients get in touch with genuine feelings and disown foreign ones.

Behavior Therapy

Treatments that use classical conditioning principles to change behavior.

Behavior Modification

Treatments that use operant conditioning methods to change behavior.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Learning-based treatment methods that help clients change the way they think, as well as the way they behave.

Systematic Desensitization Therapy

A behavioral treatment for anxiety in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed.

Modeling

Demonstrating desirable behaviors as a way of teaching them to clients.

Social Skills Training

A method for teaching clients the behaviors they need in order to interact with others more comfortably and effectively

Assertiveness Training

A form of social skills training that focuses on teaching clients to express themselves in ways that are clear and direct

Positive Reinforcement

A therapy method that uses rewards to strength desirable behaviors

Token Economy Programs

Systems for improving the behavior of institutionalized clients in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for desired items or activities

Flooding

An exposure technique for reducing anxiety that involves keeping a person in a feared but harmless situation

Exposure Therapy

Behavior therapy methods in which clients remain in presence of strong anxiety provoking stimuli until the intensity of their emotional reactions decrease

Aversion Conditioning

A method that uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a particular stimulus

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder

Cognitive Therapy

A treatment in which the therapist helps clients notice and change negative thoughts associated with anxiety and depression

Group Therapy

Psychotherapy involving several unrelated clients.

Family Therapy

Treatment of two or more individuals from the same family.

Couples Therapy

A form of therapy focusing on improving communication between partners.

Evidence Based Practice

The selection of treatment methods based mainly on empirical evidence of their effectiveness.

Psychosurgery Surgical procedures

Surgical procedures that destroy tissue in small regions of the brain in an effort to treat psychological disorders.

Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Brief electrical shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce depression that does not respond to drug treatments

Neuroleptic drugs

Medications that alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia.

Antidepressant drugs

Medications that relieve depression

Tranquilizing drugs

Drugs that reduce feelings of anxiety.