Community Health Nursing Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering core Community Health Nursing (CHN) concepts, laws, levels of care, health indicators, epidemiology, IMCI, and communicable diseases based on the lecture material.

Health (WHO Definition)

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Community

A group of people living together in a particular area with a common belief, values, and tradition.

Republic Act 11223

The Universal Health Care Act, which ensures that all Filipinos have access to quality and affordable health care services without suffering financial hardship.

Components of Health (CESCR)

The four components defined by the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, summarized as 3A's + Q: Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality.

Clinical Model of Health

A health model where health is defined as the absence of signs and symptoms, and illness is defined as the presence of signs and symptoms.

Role Performance Model of Health

A health model where a client is considered healthy if able to perform societal roles, and ill if unable to perform those roles.

Adaptive Model of Health

A health model where a person is considered healthy if able to adapt or adjust to physical, mental, and psychosocial environments, and ill if unable to adapt or adjust.

Eudaimonistic Model of Health

A health model centered on goal attainment that gives meaning and purpose to life.

Public Health Nursing

A specialized field of nursing that renders care to individuals, families, and communities, focusing on health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment.

Ottawa Charter for Change

A health promotion framework created in November 1986 in Ottawa, Canada, featuring 5 strategies: Build healthy public policy, Create supportive environments, Strengthen community action, Develop personal skills through health education, and Reorient public health services.

Primary Level of Prevention

Interventions during the pre-pathogenic phase aimed at health promotion and specific disease prevention, such as immunizations, diet, health education, exercise, and disaster drills.

Secondary Level of Prevention

Interventions during the pathogenic phase focused on early diagnosis and prompt intervention, including vital signs monitoring, screening laboratories, first aid, breast self-examination (BSE), and testicular self-examination (TSE).

Tertiary Level of Prevention

Interventions focusing on the correction and rehabilitation of illness and disabilities to restore the client to their optimal level of functioning (OLOF), including assistive devices, palliative care, rehabilitation, and therapy.

Determinants of Health and Disease (BBSPP)

The five major determinants: Biology (genetic/biologic factors), Behavior (lifestyle choices), Social environment (relationships, culture, education, economic conditions), Physical environment (surroundings), and Policies and Interventions (government laws, programs, health services).

Public Health (Winslow)

Defined by Dr. Charles Edward Winslow as the science and art of 3P's (Promotive health, Preventive care, and Prolonging life) through organized community effort.

Referral System

The structured health referral network following the sequence: BHS → RHU → MHO → PHO → RHO → National Agencies → Specialized Agencies.

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Essential health care based on basic needs made universally accessible to individuals and families through community participation and people empowerment.

Alma-Ata Declaration

International conference held on September 6-12, 1978 in Kazakhstan (organized by WHO and UNICEF) to address global health inequities and promote health for all by the year 2000; adopted in the Philippines via LOI 949 on October 19, 1979.

Pillars of Primary Health Care (AIUS)

The four cornerstones of PHC: Active community participation, Intra-intersectoral linkages, Use of appropriate technology, and Support mechanism made possible.

Health Deficit

A typology of family health problem defined as a state of disease or deviation from normal health.

Health Threat

A condition or existing factor in the present time that promotes disease, injury, or failure to realize one's health potential.

Foreseeable Crisis

An anticipated problem, life transition, or stressful event in the future (e.g., pregnancy, marriage, retirement).

Republic Act 8423

The Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997, which created PITAHC and advocated 10 official DOH herbal plants (LUBBY SANTA).

LUBBY SANTA

Acronym for the 10 DOH-approved traditional herbal plants: Lagundi, Ulasimang Bato, Bayabas, Bawang, Yerba Buena, Sambong, Akapulko, Niyog-niyogan, Tsaang Gubat, and Ampalaya.

Level 1 Water Supply (Point Source)

A protected well or developed spring serving 15–25 households with a discharge rate of 40–140 L/min/day.

Level 2 Water Supply (Communal Faucet/Stand Post)

A system composed of a source, reservoir, distribution network, and communal faucets serving around 100 households (1 faucet per 4–6 households) delivering 40–80 L/capita.

Level 3 Water Supply (Individual Waterworks System)

A system with a source, transmission pipes, reservoir, and individual house connections (e.g., NAWASA).

BEMONC

Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care facilities operating without an OR for normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries (NSVD), administration of oxytocin, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, assisting imminent breech, and placental delivery (Target ratio: 1:125,000).

CEMONC

Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care facilities equipped with an operating room and blood transfusion services to perform C-sections and advanced obstetric interventions (Target ratio: 1:500,000).

Essential Newborn Care (Unang Yakap)

Evidence-based newborn care protocol: Immediate and thorough drying (0–30s), Early skin-to-skin contact and timely cord clamping (1–3min), and Non-separation for breastfeeding initiation (within 90min).

Republic Act 10152

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011, mandating basic immunization for infants against major vaccine-preventable diseases.

BCG Vaccine

A live attenuated bacterial vaccine against tuberculosis given at birth as a 0.05 mL intradermal injection (10–15°) in the deltoid.

Fully Immunized Child (FIC)

An infant who receives 1 dose of BCG, 3 doses of Pentavalent vaccine, 3 doses of OPV, 1 dose of Hepatitis B, and 1 dose of Measles vaccine before reaching 1 year of age.

Bag Technique

A procedure performed with ease and deftness to render effective nursing care and save time/effort while minimizing contamination (guided by MESH: Minimize contamination, Effective care, Save time/effort, Handwashing).

Benedict's Test

A urine test performed to detect glucosuria by heating 5 mL of Benedict's solution with 8–10 drops of urine, where results range from blue (normal) to green (+), yellow (++), orange (+++), and red (++++).

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A fertility measure calculated as: $CBR = \frac{\text{Overall total reported births}}{\text{Population}} \times 1000$.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

A sensitive health indicator measuring the number of deaths among infants below 12 months of age per 1,000 registered live births in a given year.

Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR)

The ratio of deaths among infants below 28 days of age to the total registered live births in a given year multiplied by 1,000.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

The ratio of maternal-related deaths due to pregnancy, childbirth, or puerperium per 1,000 registered live births.

Epidemiologic Triad

A traditional model of disease causation consisting of three interactive elements: Host, Agent, and Environment.

Chain of Infection

The process of infectious disease transmission involving six sequential links: Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, and Susceptible Host.

Sporadic Disease

A disease distribution pattern characterized by intermittent, irregular, seasonal, or on-and-off occurrence of isolated cases.

Endemic Disease

The continuous or constant presence and usual prevalence of a disease within a specific geographic area or population group.

Epidemic Disease

A sudden outbreak or sharp increase in the number of disease cases above what is normally expected in a population or country.

Pandemic Disease

An epidemic disease outbreak that has spread globally across multiple countries or continents.

Republic Act 11332

The Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act.

Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS)

The official health management information system of the Department of Health used for recording and reporting health facility services and events.

Individual/Family Treatment Record (ITR/FTR)

The first building block of the FHSIS where individual client interactions, clinical assessments, and health treatments are documented.

Target Client List (TCL)

The second building block of FHSIS used by health workers to monitor specific target health service cohorts, such as prenatal care or immunization.

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR)

A community development approach aimed at self-reliance and community empowerment, designed to mobilize underprivileged sectors to solve health problems.

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

An integrated child health assessment and classification strategy using color coding: Pink (Severe/Refer), Yellow (Moderate care/Specific treatment), and Green (Mild/Home care).

Pinggang Pinoy

A visual healthy food plate guide developed by FNRI-DOST for Filipinos illustrating proper proportions of Go, Grow, and Glow foods per meal.

Typhoid Fever

A bacterial water-borne disease caused by Salmonella typhi, transmitted through contaminated food and water, presenting with pathognomonic rose spots on the trunk and treated with Chloramphenicol.

Bacillary Dysentery

A water-borne bacterial infection caused by Shigella dysenteriae, characterized by high-grade fever, colicky abdominal pain, and bloody mucoid stools.

Cholera

An acute intestinal bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae El Tor, leading to rapid, expulsive, rice watery stools.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

A vector-borne viral disease transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito, presenting through febrile, toxic/hemorrhagic, and recovery stages.

Malaria

A vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito, diagnosed via blood smear and treated with Artemether-lumefantrine or Chloroquine.

Filariasis

A vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by Aedes poicillus, presenting pathognomonically with elephantiasis (lymphedema and hydrocele) and treated with Hetrazan.

Rubeola (Measles)

An airborne viral disease caused by Morbilli virus, characterized by the 3C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis) and pathognomonic Koplik spots in the buccal mucosa.

Mumps

An airborne/droplet viral infection caused by Mumps virus, pathognomonically characterized by painful swelling of the parotid/salivary glands.

Chicken Pox

A viral disease caused by Varicella Zoster virus, presenting pathognomonically with maculopapular-vesicular skin rashes.

Poliomyelitis

A feco-oral viral disease caused by Poliovirus that attacks the central nervous system, leading to lower limb paralysis and presenting pathognomonically with Hoyne's or Poker's sign.

Schistosomiasis

A parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma japonicum acquired via indirect contact with contaminated freshwater containing snails, causing abdominal enlargement and treated with Praziquantel.

Enterobiasis

A pinworm infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis, transmitted feco-orally, diagnosed via scotch tape swab test, and causing severe perineal itching.

Diphtheria

A bacterial disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, presenting pathognomonically with a grayish-white adherent pseudomembrane on the tonsils/pharynx and bull neck lymphadenopathy.

Infectious Mononucleosis

Known as kissing disease, caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), transmitted via direct contact with saliva, and presenting pathognomonically with exudative pharyngitis.

Syphilis

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum, progressing through primary (painless chancre), secondary (palmar/plantar rash), latent, and tertiary stages.

Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)

The primary professional organization for Filipino nurses, founded on September 2, 1922 by Anastacia Giron Tupas as the Filipino Nurses Association.

Republic Act 7305

The Magna Carta for Public Health Workers, enacted to improve working conditions, fair compensation, and protection for healthcare workers serving the public.