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Cellular respiration
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Overall reaction for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
Reactant that we breathe in during cellular respiration
O2 (oxygen)
Product that we breathe out during cellular respiration
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
What does glycolysis produce?
2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP.
Location of the Citric Acid Cycle
Mitochondrial matrix
Main purpose of oxidative phosphorylation
To create ATP using a proton gradient.
Role of NADH and FADH2
To donate electrons to the Electron Transport Chain.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) effect of oxygen's absence
Halts ATP production and causes a backup of electrons.
Fermentation
An anaerobic process that follows glycolysis to regenerate NAD+.
Comparison of ATP production in fermentation and cellular respiration
Fermentation produces 2 ATP, while cellular respiration produces approximately 30-32 ATP.
End product of lactic acid fermentation
Lactic acid (or lactate)
End products of alcohol fermentation
Ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide (CO2)