EX RX Exam 1: American Health, CVD, Metabolic disease, and obesity

Cardiorespiratory Fitness (crf)

Ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory system to deliver oxygen for exercise

Muscular fitness

Muscle’s ability to produce force

4 Systematic drivers

1. Ultra processed foods

2. Sedentary tech lifestyle

3. Chemical load

4. Over medication

*define each

Absoulute intesnity

How much work the person is actually doing

Relative intesnsity

How hard that personal is working relative to their max capacity

ACSM Norms to be PA

150 mins of moderate activity per week (30 mins/day) OR 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week with resistance training 2 days a week (1 exercise per major muscle group)

FITT Principle

F- frequency

I- Intensity

T- Time

T- Type

Volume

F*I*Ty

Low intensity metabolic equivalent

1-2.9 mets

Moderate intensity metabolic equivalent

3-3.5 mets

High intensity metabolic equivalent

6+ mets

Low intensity %HRR/VO2

Less than 40%

Moderate intensity %HRR/VO2

40-59%

High intensity %HRR/VO2

Greater than 60%

Low intensity %HR Max

Less than 55%

Moderate intensity %HR Max

55-75%

High intensity %HR Max

Greater than 75%

Low intensity RPE

6-10

Moderate intensity RPE

11-13

High intensity RPE

Greater than 13

What is CVD

General term that describes disease of heart or BVs, leading cause of death in US, one person dies every 33 seconds in US, 239.9 billion

7 CVDs

1. Coronary artery disease

2. Congestive heart failure

3. Peripheral arterial disease

4. Aortic disease

5. Cerebrovascular disease

6. Heart attack

7. Cardiac arrest

Coronary heart disease

Aka atherosclerosis. Plaque build up on arterial walls due to damage on inner layer of coronary artery

How does CHD occur

Fat deposits on arterial wall

Common symptoms of CHD

Dyspnea, angina, tachycardia, syncope, nausea, asymptomatic

Congestive heart failure

Heart does not pump blood like it should so body struggles to meet blood and oxygen demands

CHF in left side

Systolic and diastolic heart failure

CHF in right side

Right ventricle struggles to pump blood so bvs fill up causing edema in lower extremities

Why does CHF happen

HTN and valve conditions

Signs and symptoms of CHF

Dyspnea, chronic fatigue, ankle edema, asymptomatic

Peripheral arterial disease

Narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to limbs, particularly the legs

Aortic disease

The valve between the lower left heart chamber and body’s main artery does not work properly

Cerebrovascular disease

Aka stroke. Reduction of blood flow and O2 to the brain

How does cerebrovascular disease occur

Atherosclerosis or thrombosis

Signs and symptoms of CD

Drooping face, numb arms, slurring words, time (fast acronym)

Heart attack

Blow flow to part of heart muscle is blocked, causing damage to heart tissue

Cardiac arrest

Heart suddenly stops effectively pumping blood

Cancer

Second leading cause of death in the US. I in 3 people have cancer in their lifetime. 185 billion.

Cancer risks

Smoke, sun exposure, overweight, excessive alcohol, infectious disease

Metabolic disease

Diabetes is the eighth leading cause of death in the
United States. Diabetes is the No. 1 cause of kidney failure, lower-
limb amputations, and adult blindness

Types of metabolic diseases

1. Dysregulated hyperinsulinemia

2. Hyperinsulinemia

3. Hyperinsulinism

4. TYPE II DIABETES

5. Hyperglycemia

Dysregulated hyperinsulinemia

Elevated circulating insulin in relationship to its usual level relative to blood glucose

hyperinsulinemia

Dysregulated insulin secretion and/or clearance resulting in chronically elevated insulin without hypoglycemia is common in obesity and metabolic disorders

Hyperinsulinism

Disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, resulting in mild to severe hypoglycemia.

Type II diabetes

Chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels

What is diabetes, how does it occur, list signs and symptoms

Chronic condition in which body doesn’t process sugar because the body cannot produce enough insulin. Increase thirst, increase urination, increase hunger, increase fatigue, blur vision

Risk factors for diabetes include

Overweight, family history, PI, 45+, race, hyperlipidemia, hypertension

Insulin resistance

When cells become less responsive to insulin and can’t absorb glucose from blood effectively

Pancreatic strain

As the pancreas works harder to produce more insulin
to compensate for insulin resistance, it can become overworked and
eventually begin to fail

Metabolic sysndrom

A cluster of conditions that includes obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels. These conditions can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Inflammation

High insulin levels can contribute to inflammation in the body, which can damage tissues and further impair insulin sensitivity

Can type II diabetes be prevented

Yes

Hyperglycemia

Condition that occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood,
also known as high blood sugar

Risk factors for hyperglycemia

Weigh more that 120% desired bw, family history of type 11, ethnicity, history of gestational diabetes