Nursing

Chronic Pain

Can last longer than 3 months, creating stiffness and decreasing range of motion, with physiological responses usually not increasing vital signs.

Neuropathic Pain

Occurs due to radiculopathy from nerve trauma, leading to symptoms like burning, tingling, and increased sensitivity to touch.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown causing pain, stiffness, and inflammation.

Cartilage

Tissue that provides cushioning in joints; its breakdown leads to osteoarthritis.

Non-pharmacological Interventions for OA

Including heat/cold therapy, low-impact exercise, and joint protection mechanisms.

Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA)

Surgical procedure where damaged joints are replaced, commonly seen in severe osteoarthritis cases.

Anticonvulsants for Neuropathic Pain

Gabapentin and pregabalin, used to treat neuropathic pain by modulating nerve excitability.

Assessment in Nursing Process

Gathering data on pain, vital signs, functionality, and mental health for proper diagnosis.

Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)

Allows patients to self-administer pain medication, ensuring timely and controlled pain relief.

DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) Prevention

Includes early mobilization, hydration, and anticoagulant medications for patients at risk.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Includes non-modifiable factors like age and gender, and modifiable factors like nutrition and physical activity.

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) Signs

Such as nocturia, urinary retention, and recurrent UTIs due to prostate enlargement.

Complications of Constipation

Include fecal impaction, hemorrhoids, and abdominal pain due to delayed or difficult passage of stool.

C. Difficile Infection

Caused by abnormal growth of C. diff in gut flora, often after antibiotic use, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Elderly Risks for Impaired Mobility

Increased due to muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and age-related changes such as reduced physical activity.

Surveillance in Nursing

Includes regular monitoring of vital signs, symptoms, and medication effectiveness to ensure patient safety.

Medications for OA Pain Management

Including NSAIDs and acetaminophen to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.