unit 4 - dental equipment
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379 Terms
why must dental professionals understand their equipment
to achieve optimal equipment performance
whom must dental professional protect from potential infections
themselves
clinic staff
patience
what must dental professionals beware of regarding infection protection
available resources and compliance with legislation
define dental equipment
set if elements designed for dental treatment
Compressor
what is the function of the dental compressor
it supplies air to the dental chair (if pneumatic), the triple syringe, turbine, contra-angle, and ultrasonic devices for dental prophylaxis
Compressor
what are the main components (5)
electric motor
tank/reservoir
filters
coil(dryer)
drain valve
Compressor
how does it store air
an electric motor draws in air and stores it under pressure in a tank/reservoir
Compressor
what must the compressor ensure
sufficient air pressure and volume while maintaining air quality
Compressor
what is the function of the compressor filters
to prevent particles especially oil particles from entering the air
Compressor
what is the function of the compressor coil (dryer)
to remove all traces of moisture
Compressor
what is the function of the compressor drain valve
(it should be opened daily to complete this function)
to allow accumulated water to be eliminated from the reservoir
Compressor
how often should the compressor filter be cleaned
annually
Compressor
where should it be placed and why
away from waiting rooms and operatories because of its noise
alternatively it can be located in soundproofed cabinets
Distilled water reservoir
function
stores and supplies distilled water to components of the dental chair
Distilled water reservoir
which dental chair components receive distilled water from the reservoir
rotatory instruments
triple syringe
ultrasonic device
Aspiration-Spittoon system
function
it removes all types of liquids and solids from the work area and provides a spittoon for patient rinsing
Aspiration-Spittoon system
why is effective aspiration fundamental for the dentist
to allow the dentist to work comfortable while the patient remains lying down continuously in an ergonomic position, without the risk of infection
Aspiration-Spittoon system
what must the system ensure during treatment
clear view of the treatment area
Aspiration-Spittoon system
how does continuous aspiration benefit both the dentist and patient
relieves both from the discomfort of the swallowing reflex
Aspiration-Spittoon
what is it composed of (6)
aspiration motor
pipelines
cannula holder
automatic separator
amalgam residue collector
spittoon
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what does it consist of
vacuum pump
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what flow does the motor generate
3,000 litres per minute (3,000 L/min)
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
where should it be located
in a well-ventilated, cool, and dry location
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what component inside the aspiration system creates the vacuum
a spiral-shaped impeller that rotates clockwise, creating a vacuum in the centre
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
how does the motor contribute to acoustic contamination
together with the compressor, it contributes to noise in the cabinet
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what measures should be taken to reduce noise from the aspiration motor
soundproofing and ideally distancing measures
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what is the permissible emission noise level for the aspiration system
50-65 dBa
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
is it advisable to have a separate aspiration pump for each dental unit
yes, separate aspiration pump for each dental unit is advisable, although the pumps can also be installed together
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what are the two types of aspiration systems
wet suction
dry suction
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what is wet suction
system in which everything aspirated reaches the final collector
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: aspiration motor
what is dry suction
a system consisting of equipment for separating air, solids and liquids
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: pipelines
what material and diameter should be used for aspiration pipework
PVC pipes with a diameter of 40mm
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: pipelines
how should the main aspiration connection be installed
without bends or sharp joints
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: pipelines
what should be done if joints are present in the aspiration pipework
they should be sealed
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: pipelines
if one aspiration motor is used for multiple dental units, how should the suction connection be arranged
each dental unit should have its own separate suction connection
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: pipelines
what should the outlet duct of an aspiration system be equipped with
a biological filter (biofilter)
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Cannula Holder
what component does the cannula holder typically come equipped with
a universal cannula
a saliva ejector
a syringe component
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Cannula Holder
what additional function does the universal cannula perform besides aspiration
it aspirates the aerosol generated by the turbine
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Cannula Holder
at what temperature can the universal cannula be sterilised
180 degrees
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Cannula Holder
what two functions can the universal cannula perform to assist with tissues
tissue separation
tongue retraction
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Cannula Holder
what control is fitted to the cannula and saliva ejector support system
an on/off switch
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: automatic separator
what does the cannula aspirate from the oral cavity
a mixture of liquid secretions and solid particles
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: automatic separator
where is the mixture aspirated by the cannula transported
via the shortest route to the separation unit
(where it is separated and directed to the drainage)
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: automatic separator
what happens inside the centrifuge chamber of the automatic separator
solid and liquid particles are separated from the airflow and continuously evacuated
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: automatic separator
how does the aspiration air travel through the pipelines to the suction machine
it flows dry through the pipeline
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: automatic separator
why does the air flow dry through the pipelines
to prevent deposits from forming in the tubes which could affect performance
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Amalgam Residue Collector
what types of amalgam residue collection systems are available
specific systems for amalgam and combination systems that work for other particles
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Amalgam Residue Collector
what happens to used water before it is discharged in the amalgam residue collection system
it is centrifuged
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Amalgam Residue Collector
where are amalgam particles collected
in a specific, replicable container
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Spittoon
what is it
a sink where a patient can spit liquids into
Aspiration-Spittoon system
component: Spittoon
what two components is the spittoon equipped with
a tap and a cup holder
Aspiration-Spittoon system
maintenance of the aspiration system
how often should aspiration system filters be cleaned
every day when the aspiration system is in use
Aspiration-Spittoon system
maintenance of the aspiration system
how often should the filters be replaced
annually
Aspiration-Spittoon system
maintenance of the aspiration system
how often should the separation vessel and amalgam separator be inspected
monthly
lighting system
what should the ambient lighting level in the dental clinic be
between 700 and 800 lux
lighting system
what illumination should the spotlight provide in the working area
2,000 lux
lighting system
what is the typical colour temperature of the dental lamp
approx 5500 K
lighting system
what is the purpose of the dental spotlight
to enhance visibility of the limited oral field
lighting system
what dimensions should the well-lit window created by the spotlight have
20cm wide and 10cm high
lighting system
why is the dental spotlight articulated
to allow easy manoeuvring by the professional
lighting system
where can dental lights be anchored
to the dental chair, wall or ceiling
Stool
how many legs should it have and why
5 legs for stability and safety
Stool
what other features should an ideal dental stool have
backrest and upholstery made of vinyl-like material for easy cleaning
Stool
what should the shape and texture of the stool avoid
they should not cause the professional to slip
dental chair
what type of machine is a dental chair
an electro-hydraulic or pneumatic tool machine
dental chair
what is the purpose of the dental chair articulations
allow the dentist to work in different positions for both the operator and the patient
dental chair
how is the dental chair designed to ensure patient comfort
it has an anatomical design
dental chair
what material covers the dental chair and why
vinyl-like materials that are easy to clean and disinfect
dental chair
what are the components
base
seat
backrest
headrest
armrest (ideally)
instrument tray or table
what is its purpose
to place and keep instruments as close as possible to the operator
instrument tray or table
how is it often connected to the dental equipment
via articulated arms
instrument tray or table
what are the other possible arrangements of the instrument tray
it can be found on articulated units from the chair or as an independent unit
instrument tray or table
what are the main components of the tray
tray for the instruments
triple syringe
hoses for connecting rotary instruments
control panel for the spittoon
(some also have ultrasonic device)
instrument tray or table
what does the triple syringe allow the operator to expel
water
air
or a combination of both
instrument tray or table
which addition al device may be included on the tray
ultrasonic devise (for dental prophylaxis and the polymerisation of the lamp)
methods of isolation in dental arches
what is the isolation in dental arches
a therapeutic auxiliary method used to isolate a specific area, improving visibility and access, maintaining a clean field and protecting the patient
methods of isolation in dental arches
what are the advantages of isolation of dental arches
improved visibility
enhanced access
maintenance of cleanliness ad moisture
protection of the patient from chemical and mechanical agents
reduced fatigue for both the patient and dentist
prevents the patient from interrupting the procedure by speaking or rinsing
can isolate one or multiple teeth
methods of isolation in dental arches - types of isolation
what are the types of isolation
relative isolation
absolute isolation
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
what does relative isolation involve
Placing absorbent materials inside the mouth along with a suction device to remove excess saliva and other fluids.
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
when is it used
In simple cases or when applying absolute isolation is impossible
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
what materials are used
Cotton rolls and a suction device
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
what are the 3 sizes of cotton rolls used in relative isolation
No. 1 = 8 mm.
No. 2 = 10 mm.
No. 3 = 12 mm.
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
when should cotton rolls be changed during relative isolation
as needed
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
what should be done if cotton rolls stick to the mucosa
Moisten them with water from the triple syringe to make removal easier.
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
which area can be isolated using relative isolation in the maxilla
only the vestibular area
(with this system we can isolate only the vestibular in the maxilla, care should be taken with the central frenulum)
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
which area can be isolated in the mandible
Both the vestibular and lingual areas.
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
which anatomical structure requires care during relative isolation in both maxilla and mandible
the frenulum (central frenulum in maxilla)
methods of isolation in dental arches
relative isolation
which elements can assist in relative isolation
the mirror, suction cannulas, matrices and mouth openers
methods of isolation in dental arches
absolute isolation
what is it
method that isolates the specific working area from the rest of the structures in the mouth using a rubber dam
methods of isolation in dental arches
absolute isolation
who introduce the use of the rubber dam in 1864
Sanford Christie Barnum
methods of isolation in dental arches
absolute isolation
when did the use of the rubber dam become more widespread
with the advent of latex (1943)
methods of isolation in dental arches
absolute isolation
advantages
protects the airways and digestive tract from accidents
safeguards soft tissues
enhanced comfort and mouth opening
improved visibility
aseptic field
absolute control over moisture
gingival retraction
facilitates material manipulation
reduces patient conversation and the possibility of rinsing
methods of isolation in dental arches
absolute isolation
disadvantages
limited breathing
may cause anxiety (for patient)
latex allergies
improper use can cause damage to enamel, cement, and gums
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
are rubber dams manufactured with or without latex
rubber dams are manufactured with or without latex
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
what forms are rubber dams available in
Rolls, square sheets, and prefabricated circular presentations.
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
what are the 2 widths of rubber dam rolls
6 inches (15 cm)
5 inches (13 cm)
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
what are the two sized of pre-cut square rubber dam sheets
6 × 6 inches (15 × 15 cm)
5 × 5 inches (13 × 13 cm)
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
what size of pre-cut square rubber dam sheet is typically used for children
5 × 5 inches (13 × 13 cm)
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam
what additional presentation of rubber dam is available besides rolls and square sheets
A prefabricated circular presentation
components of the rubber dam isolation
rubber dam - thickness
what is the thickness range of a thin rubber dam
0.13-0.18mm