biological molecules

Maltose

A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules.

Sucrose

A disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose & fructose.

Lactose

A disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose & galactose.

Glycogen

The main energy storage molecule in animals, formed from many molecules of alpha glucose joined together by 1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds.

Starch

Energy storage in plants, consisting of amylose and amylopectin.

Amylose

Unbranched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1, 4 glycosidic bonds, forming a compact molecule storing energy.

Amylopectin

Branched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds, allowing for simultaneous enzyme action for energy release.

Cellulose

Component of plant cell walls, composed of long, unbranched chains of beta glucose joined by glycosidic bonds, forming strong microfibrils.