Chapter 28 - Nucleic Acids

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

________ is used to separate mixtures of newly generated oligonucleotides, which are then visualized by autoradiography.

Nucleic acids

________ are made up of three kinds of monomer units: heterocyclic aromatic amine bases produced from purine and pyrimidine, d- ribose or 2- deoxy- d- ribose, and phosphate ions.

Purines

________ are adenine and guanine, whereas pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

Histones

________ are DNA binding proteins that are present in cell nuclei.

RNA

The four nucleotides for ________ are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

b N glycosidic link

A(n) ________ connects each deoxyribose unit to a heterocyclic aromatic amine base.

base sequence

The ________ of the DNA complement to the original DNA template is read from the bottom to the top of the produced photographic plate (from the 59 end to the 39 end)

adenine

The purine bases ________ (A) and guanine (G), as well as the pyrimidine nucleotide cytosine, are found in both RNA and DNA (C)

D ribose

________ is the monosaccharide molecule of RNA.

Watson Crick model

The ________ is based on the idea that a DNA molecule is made up of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands coiled in a right- handed way around the same axis to create a double helix.

pH 70

At ________, nucleoside mono,- di,- and triphosphates are powerful polyprotic acids that are substantially ionized.

Messenger RNAs

________ are copies of DNA gene sequences that transport coded genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein production.

Restriction

________ endonucleases identify a specific pattern of four to eight nucleotides and cleave a DNA strand by hydrolyzing the connecting phosphodiester links at any place containing that sequence.

main structure of deoxyribonucleic acid

The ________ (DNA) is made up of 29- deoxyribose units linked together by 39, 59- phosphodiester linkages.

Circular DNA

________ is a kind of double- stranded DNA in which phosphodiester groups connect the ends of each strand.

Transfer RNA

________ transports amino acids to protein synthesis sites on ribosomes.

primer DNA template

A(n) ________ is separated into four independent reaction mixes in Frederick Sanger's chain termination or dideoxy technique of DNA sequencing.

Purine

________ and pyrimidine bases point inward toward the helix's axis and are always coupled G- C and A- T due to unique hydrogen bonding patterns.

RNA

In cells, ________ occurs in three different forms.

base sequence

The ________ is read from the 59th to the 39th end of the polynucleotide strand.