2.2B) Solving Problems and Decision Making

algorithm

the step by step procedure to find a solution

the step by step procedure to find a solution

algorithm

insight

immediately solving or knowing something without any help due to the frontal lobe

immediately solving or knowing something without any help due to the frontal lobe

insight

heuristics

thinking strategies or shortcuts for making quick judgement and problem solving

thinking strategies or shortcuts for making quick judgement and problem solving

heuristics

availiability heuristic

estimating likelihood of an event based upon mental availiability

estimating likelihood of an event based upon mental availiability

availiability heuristic

representative heuristic

judgement made based on how closely something matches a mental prototype or stereotype

judgement made based on how closely something matches a mental prototype or stereotype

representative heuristic

base rate

the statistical probability of something being true in a group

the statistical probability of something being true in a group

base rate

cultural archetypes

define one’s own representative heuristic which causes people to ignore the base rate

define one’s own representative heuristic which causes people to ignore the base rate

cultural archetypes

the common use for heuristics

reduces mental effort by simplifying complex situations

reduces mental effort by simplifying complex situations

the common use for heuristics

confirmation bias

the tendency to prioritize or pull information that defends your existing beliefs

the tendency to prioritize or pull information that defense your existing beliefs

confirmation bias

belief perserverence

clinging to initial beliefs even after being shown they are wrong

clinging to initial beliefs even after being shown they are wrong

belief perseverance

fixability

inability to adopt a fresh perspective

inability to adopt a fresh perspective

fixability

mental set

using the same approach because it worked in the past, even if it may not be effective anymore

using the same approach because it worked in the past, even if it may not be effective anymore

mental set

gambler’s fallacy

a fallacy that states if something happens more frequently, then it will happen less frequently in the future

a fallacy that states if something happens more frequently, then it will happen less frequently in the future

gambler’s fallacy

sunk cost fallacy

the tendency to continue investing time, energy, and money into something even though abandoning it may be more beneficial

the tendency to continue investing time, energy, and money into something even though abandoning it may be more beneficial

sunk cost fallacy

framing

the way an issue is posed or worded

the way an issue is posed or worded

framing

priming

being exposed to one stimulus (the prime) influences how you respond to a related stimulus after

being exposed to one stimulus (the prime) influences how you respond to a related stimulus after

priming