Hematopoietic Disease and Bone Marrow Pathology

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering terminology, classifications, and clinical features of bone marrow disorders, dysplasia, and hematopoietic disease.

Hyperplasia

Increased hematopoietic cellularity affecting one or more marrow lineages.

Hypoplasia

Reduced hematopoietic cellularity affecting one or more marrow lineages.

Aplasia

Near-complete or complete absence of hematopoietic cells in one or more marrow lineages.

Pancytopenia

Concurrent anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood.

Myelophthisis

Displacement or disruption of normal hematopoietic marrow by infiltrative tissue or fibrosis, impairing blood-cell production.

Ineffective hematopoiesis

Inadequate production of mature blood cells despite the presence of marrow precursors, owing to defective maturation or premature precursor death.

Reduced hematopoiesis

A condition characterized by too few hematopoietic precursors in one or more cell lineages within the marrow.

Myelodysplasia

Abnormal morphology and maturation of hematopoietic cells.

Myelofibrosis

Increased deposition of reticulin and/or collagen fibers in the bone marrow, often leading to low-cellularity aspirates and potential hematopoietic failure.

Myelonecrosis

Necrosis of hematopoietic cells and supporting marrow tissue.

Myelitis

Inflammation of the bone marrow.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

A primary neoplastic and clonal myeloid disease whose hallmark is ineffective hematopoiesis combined with dysplasia, peripheral cytopenias, and marrow hypercellularity with blasts $< 20\%$.

Dysmyelopoiesis

A term used for secondary, non-clonal abnormal morphology and maturation of hematopoietic cells resulting from underlying conditions such as immune-mediated disease, infections, drugs, lymphoma, or toxins.

Precursor Immune Mediated Anemia (PIMA)

An immune-mediated attack directed against late-stage erythroid precursors in the bone marrow, resulting in non-regenerative anemia, bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, and erythroid left shift or maturation arrest.

Rubriphagocytosis

The engulfment and destruction of intact nucleated erythroid precursors by bone marrow macrophages.

Secondary Myelofibrosis

A reactive form of marrow fibrosis triggered by persistent marrow injury (such as chronic inflammation, toxins, or necrosis), driven by profibrotic signaling ($\text{TGF-}\beta$, PDGF) from activated stromal cells and megakaryocytes.

Leishmania infantum

An intracellular protozoal parasite of macrophages that infects bone marrow and other tissues, frequently leading to marked plasmacytosis, erythroid hypoplasia, and hyperglobulinemia.