Vitamins + Minerals

Nutrition Unit 3 Exam

What are Fat soluble vitamins characteristics?

Dissolve in lipid, require bile for absorption, stored in liver + fatty tissues, can be toxic in excess, periodic doses needed

What are Vitamin A functions?

Very versatile, vision, immune function, bone+ body growth, reproduction, healthy body linings + skin

What are Vitamin A food sources?

Liver, fish oil, enriched milk, bright orange fruits + veggies, dark green veggies

What is Vitamin A deficiency?

Early→ night blindness

Severe→ total blindness, dry, cracked skin, eroded body linings, decreased immune function

What is Vitamin A toxicity?

Taken in supplements

Hair loss, stunted growth, liver failure, weaker bones, yellowing of skin, birth defects of fetus

What are Vitamin D functions?

Promotes bone mineralization→ calcium + phosphorus open to blood that makes bone, assists in immune function

What are Vitamin D food sources?

Skin can absorb through silent(NOT TANNING BEDS), fatty fish, fortified milk, egg yolkds, sun-exposed mushrooms

What is Vitamin D deficiency?

Rickets in children→ bow legged, osteomalacia (soft bones, pourous, fracture simply) and eventuall turns into osteoperosis, obesity

What is Vitamin D deficiency?

Sx RDA→ takes too much calcium out blood and causes kidney and heart to fail, not possible with sun exposure, can be deadly

What are functions of Vitamin E?

Protects cell membranes in body tissues + blood, part of immune system, fat soluble antioxidants

What are food sources for Vitamin E?

Lots of variety, 20%→ veggie oils, 20%→ fruits+veggies (lost in frying), smokers→ higher needs

What is Vitamin E deficiency?

Very rare→ so widespread, occurs if fat malabsorption is present

What are Vitamin K functions?

Blood clotting and bone formation

What are Vitamin K food sources?

Made by intestinal bacteria, dark green leafy vegetables, cabbage, spinach and broccoli

What is Vitamin K deficiency?

Rarely seen, given to infants since intestinal tract not yet full of bacteria

What is Vitamin K toxicity?

Not common from food sources

What are water-soluble vitamins characteristics?

Dissolve in water, easily absorped and excreted, not a lot of stored extensively in tissues, seldom reach toxic leaves, frequent doses needed

What are Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin functions?

Energy metabolism all cells use them

What are Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin food sources?

Whole grain breads + cereals, enriched breads + cereals

Milk

Meat, fish, poultry, niacin equivalents (RDA)

What are Thiamin riboflavin, and niacin deficiencies?

Beribers→ fluid accumulation/ edema

Wernick→ korscoff syndrome-loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscle weakness, abnormal heart action

No disease associated with it

Pellagra-”rough skin”

4 D’s Diarrhea, dermatitis dementia, death

What are Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin toxicity?

NA no symptoms reported, “Niacin flush” → painful tingling, upper limit based on synthetic forms only

What are biotin & pantothenic functions?

energy metabolism, biotin: coenzyme in CHO, fat+ pro digestion, pantothenic acid stimulates growth

What are biotin and pantothenic vitamin deficiency+ toxicity?

No symptoms, well balances diet will give sufficient amount

What is Vitamin B6 functions?

Amino acid synthesis, hemoglobin synthesis, regulation of blood sugar→ helps release whats stored

What are VitaminB6 food sources?

meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, bananas, leafy greens?

What is Vitamin B6 deficiency?

Weakness, irritability, confusion, insomnia, weak immune system, depression

What is Vitamin B6 toxicity?

large dose=dangerous, stored in miuscle, may cause reversible nueropathics in feet, hands +mouth

What is Vitamin B12 funtion?

Enables folate into cells, aids maintain sheath around nerve cells, absorption depends on intrinic(in stomach) factor

What are Vitamin B12 food sources?

Most animal products, eggs, milk, cheese, meats, fortified products recommended for vegans

What is Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Due to poor absorption not intake, anemia→ muscle and nerve damage, paralysis of nerves+muscles

What is Vitamin B12 toxicity?

NA, no symptoms reported

What are functions of folate?

Helps synthesize DNA needed for cell division, growing tissues, metablosm of B12 and amino acids, antacids and aspirin intake with use of folate

What are food sources of folate?

Green leafy vegetables, “foliage”→ legumes, breads and cereals fortified with folic acid, RDA→ essential for child bearing age woman

What is folate deficiency?

Anemia, impaired cell division→ nerval tube defect apparent at birth

What is folate toxicity?

Can mask B12 deficiency→ nerve damage continues, upper limit for synthetic forms only→ includes fortified food and supplements

What are vitamin C functions?

Production and maintenance of collagen, enhances immune response→ no cold prevention, assists in iron absorption, antioxidant

What are vitamin c food sources?

Citrus fruits and juices, sweet potatoes, strawberries, kiwi, tomatoes, broccoli, peppers, higher reccomendations for smokers

What is vitamin c deficiency?

Early sings→ bleeding gums,swollen ankes, tiny pinpoint bruises

Scurvy→ levels too low, q0mg/day to prevent scurvy

What is vitamin c toxicity?

water soluble, large pill doses if on blood thinners, prone to kidney stones, nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea