Unit 1a: FUNDAMENTALS OF LIFE (MOLECULES & CELLS) Assessment

intro to bio test

Biotic

Living

Abiotic

non-living

7 Characteristics

How many characteristics of life are there?

sexual reproduction

2 parent cells combine to form offspring, genetically different

asexual reproduction

1 parent cell divides to form offspring, genetically identical

respond to stimuli

What do cells do to maintain homeostatsis?

Cells

1) All living things are made of ______

Unicellular

made of one cell

multicellular

composed of many cells

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Life can be organized into 3 different domains:

Prokaryotic Cells

Archaea and Bacteria domains have ______

definition of Prokaryote

before nuclei, doesn’t have a nucleus

no nucleus, DNA, ribosomes, cell walls

Prokaryotic Traits

Eukaryotic Cells

protist, fungi, plant, and animals have _______

Definition of Eukaryote

containing a nucleus

nucleus, DNA inside nucleus, ribosomes and all other cell parts like mitochondria, some have cell walls

Eukaryotic traits

DNA (chromosomes)

2) All living things contain ________

universal genetic code

defintion of DNA

A, T, C, G

Letters for DNA

adenine

A stands for ___

Thymine

T stands for _________

Cytosine

C stands for _________

Guanine

G stands for _________

differences in DNA sequences

Where does diversity stem from?

Genes

chromosomes are composed of ________

Genes definition

sequences of DNA that code for specific traits

Grow and Develop

3) all living things are able to ___________

increase in size by making more cells or cell getting bigger

grow definition

changes an organism goes through during life (metamorphosis, puberty)

develop definition

stimuli

4) all living things respond to ______

Stimulus/stimuli

causes a reaction or change in an organism

Homeostasis

in order for an organism to survive they must maintain ______

defintion of homeostasis

Stable internal enviorment

nervous and endocrine system

systems in our body that help respond:

nervous system

allows for detection of extrernal stimuli/signals

endocrine system

allows for detection of internal stimuli/signals

horomones

chemical messangers that helps detect internal signals

regulating

your body is constantly _______

regulation

how organisms respond to stimuli

energy

5) all living things need food for _____

autotrophs

synthesize or make their own food through photosynthesis

heterotrophs

obtain or consume food from the enviroment

cellular respiration

the process that breaks down food for energy

Aerobic Respiration

respiration that requires oxygen to break down food

anaerobic respiration

respiration that doesnt require oxygen to break down food

Reproduce

6) all living things ________ so species can continue

within their own species

only organisms __________________ can mate

sterile

when two different species mate they are _______, meaning they cannot reproduce

evolve

7) all living things ______ over time

false

True or false: individuals genetically change and evolve over time

evolution

changes in the DNA over time of a population/species

adaptations

changes in DNA result in ____________, decided by natural selection

descent with modification

species living today descended from ancestral species

natural selection

evolution occurs through _______, survivial of the “fittest” traits

excretion

removal of toxic waste like urine and CO2

synthesis

combining of simple substances to form more complex substances

transport

movement of material inside organisms

nutrition

the process of taking in or making organic nutrients and then breaking them down to fuel all the life processes

nutrients

substances required for energy growth repair and maintenance

synthesis, nutrition, respiration, transport, growth, excretion, regulate, reproduce

8 life processes

synthesis in humans plants and unicellular organisms

RIBOSOMES - makes own dna enzymes and hormones

synthesis in unicellular organisms

ribosomes

nutrition in humans

digestive system

nutrtion in plants

leaves —> photosynthesis

nutrition in unicellular

cell membrane

respiration in humans

respiratory system

respiration in plants

leaves —> take in gas

respiration in unicellular

mitochondria

transport in humans

circulatory system —> carry food and water in the form of blood

transport in plants

veins and stems —> carry food and water

transport in unicellular

cytoplasam streaming

growth in humans

skelatal system

growth in plants

buds, roots

growth in unicellular

increase in amount of cytoplasm

excretion in humans

reproductive system

excretion in plants

leaves

excretion in unicellular

waste exits through cell membrane

regulation in humans

nervous, endocrine and immune system

regulation in plants

plant hormones

regulation in unicellular

cell signals

reproduction in humans

reproductive system - ovaries and testes

reproduction in plants

flowers - pollen and seeds

reproduction in unicellular

cell division or conjugation

Metabolism

ALL of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism

false

true or false: making new skin cells = reproduction

true

true or false: making new skin cells is the division of cells or mitosis

use and release

because of metabolism there is a contsant _______and _______ of energy

exergonic

reaction that is exothermic meaning it releases energy and surroundings feel warmer

endergonic

reactions that is endothermic meaning it absorbs energy and surroundings feel cooler

Fast metabolism

more reactions, faster release of energy —> burns food faster = weight loss

slow metabolism

fewer reactions, slower and smaller release of energy —> burns food slower = weight gain

FALSE

true or false: metabolism only refers to your ability to break down food

slows

metabolism _______ with age

anabolic or synthesis reactions

metabolic reaction that build complex subtsances from simple ones, are endergonic: require energy input as a reactant

catabolic or combustion reactions

metabolic reactions that break down complex substances, are exergonic: release energy as a product

a catabolic

cellular respiration is an example of _________ reaction

an anabolic

photosynthesis is an example of __________ reaction

hierarchy of organization

Living things are called organisms because they are highly organized by a _____________________

Biosphere

all enviorments and biomes on earth that support life

ecosystem

all the organisms living in a paticular area, including biotic and abiotic factors