Mgmt Change Ch9

didgital media

information/data can be created AND consumed by machines, no human required

transaction processing systmes (TPSs)

automate routine, daily operations (sales, purchases, suppliers)

data warehousing

using large databases that combine all company data and allow users to directly access the data, create reports, and get answers to what-if questions

internal business intelligence (data mining)

the high-tech analysis of a company’s data to make better strategic decisions

What industry uses data mining the most?

retailers

big data analysis

new sensing technologies and processes for gathering, searching and analyzing massive, complex sets of data that traditional data processing applications cannot handle to uncover hidden patterns and correlations

pipe firm

og org type; work in a sequential, linear order, getting resources at one end of the pipe, making stuff within the pipe, and pushing the result out the other end for sale to customers; (ex: manufacturing, education

flatform-based orgs

connect and enable users to both create and consume something of value (ex: YouTube, Airbnb); business anchored in digital transaction

exchange platform org

facilitate 1:1 interactions among members (ex: Lyft)

maker platforms

facilitate 1:1,000 interactions among members (ex: youtube vid, twitch stream)

algorithm

problem-solving procedure based on a set of rules typically written into computer software to achieve a specific goal

platform design recommendations

envision constructive culture, invest in digital talent, promote soft skills and team building

big data requirements

volume, use all data, use messy data, adopt a new mindset

volume

the amount of data present in the world

why use all data?

it allows to find connections that would otherwise get overlooked

data intermediaries

firms that collect data from multiple organizations and analyze the combined data for them

outsourcing (org structure)

when companies don’t have the knowledge and experience to put

together an analytics team, so they find the skill elsewhere

centralized (org structure)

locating all big data experts in a single department; pro: easiest way to ensure that the unit can obtain the necessary data and develop the necessary expertise; con: people/things outside of that function might go unnoticed or unaddressed

balanced/hybrid design (org structure)

places a small number of data scientists in a “center of excellence”, while the remainder stay in the various functional departments or business units

decentralized (org structure)

data scientists are spread throughout the organization, with a small group of analysts in each department or business unit; pro: easiest way for analysts to collaborate with the respective departments or business units and tailor their models to each unit’s needs; con: difficult to share innovative solutions across unit boundaries and achieve critical mass on organization-wide problems and opportunities

artificial intelligence

techniques used to teach computer systems to learn, reason, perceive, infer, communicate and make decisions similar to or better than humans

robot

A machine that is capable of moving independently and performing complex actions on external objects such that it resembles a living being

nudge management

applies insights from the behavioral sciences to offer gentle reminders, or nudges, toward desired behaviors

algorithmic control

the use of software algorithms to set targets, measure performance, provide feedback, and decide rewards for employees

When employees do work that is measurable and somewhat routine, AI can assert a level of control over workers that is fine-grained down to minor details is

algorithmic control

how to adjust org design for AI

create a new senior AI position and decentralize authority to employees doing nonroutine work

social network analysis (SNA)

help managers learn about informal relationships and network structures within an organization

Hubs

people who are at the center of an information network. They are sought out for their knowledge and information, have influence over other employees, technical expertise

Peripheral players

have the fewest number of connections and operate on the boundaries of a network, have niche expertise/valuable contacts

brokers

people who have a knack for connecting people across boundaries and subgroups; they link specialized pools of knowledge and integrate the larger network within the organization

knowledge management

the efforts to systematically find, organize, and make available a company’s intellectual capital and to foster a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing

intellectual capital

the sum of its knowledge, experience, understanding, relationships, processes, innovations, and discoveries

intranet

the sum of its knowledge, experience, understanding, relationships, processes, innovations, and discoveries

codified knowledge

formal, systematic knowledge that can be articulated, written down, and passed on to others in documents, rules, or general instructions

Tacit knowledge

based on personal experience, rules of thumb, intuition, and judgment. It includes professional know-how and expertise, individual insight and experience, and creative solutions that are difficult to communicate and pass on to others

expert-locator systems

identify and catalog experts in a searchable database so people can quickly identify who has knowledge they can use