drivers ed chapters 4 and 5

25 mph Speed Limit

The statutory speed limit for school zones, business, or residential districts, unless otherwise posted.

35 mph Speed Limit

The statutory speed limit for suburban business and residential districts, unless otherwise posted.

50 mph Speed Limit

The statutory speed limit for non-posted rural roadways.

65 mph Speed Limit

The speed limit for certain state highways and interstates, where fines are doubled for exceeding the limit by $10\text{ mph}$ or more.

Pedestrian Crosswalk Violations

Penalties for failure to yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk, carrying up to a $500$ dollar fine, $25$ days in jail, $6$ months suspension, $2$ points, and community service.

Acceleration Lane

An extra lane at a highway entrance used by drivers to speed up and join the flow of traffic.

Deceleration Lane

An extra lane at a highway exit used to slow down when leaving the highway.

Weave Lane

A highway lane that serves as both an entrance and an exit for an expressway, where the driver leaving the highway must yield to the driver entering.

Inertia (Curves)

The physical tendency of a vehicle to keep going straight when entering a curve, requiring drivers to slow down before entering.

Keep Right Except When Passing

A New Jersey law requiring motorists to stay in the right lane except when passing, turning left, or when traffic conditions dictate otherwise.

Move Over Law

A regulation requiring drivers approaching a stationary emergency, tow, highway maintenance, or utility service vehicle with flashing lights to change into a non-adjacent lane, or reduce speed below the posted limit and prepare to stop.

Controlled Intersection

An intersection where traffic is regulated by traffic signals, regulatory signs, or a police officer.

Uncontrolled Intersection

An intersection where two or more roads join without traffic signals or regulatory devices, requiring drivers to reduce speed and yield to the vehicle on the right.

Headlight Regulations

Mandatory usage times requiring headlights between $1/2$ hour after sunset and $1/2$ hour before sunrise, whenever visibility is $500\text{ feet}$ or less, and whenever windshield wipers are in use.

High Beams (Brights)

Headlight setting designed for open country driving when there is no traffic in sight.

Low Beams (Dipped)

Headlight setting used for city driving, traffic, fog, rain, or when driving behind or approaching other vehicles.

Solid Roadway Line

A pavement marking indicating that passing is not allowed.

Broken Roadway Line

A pavement marking indicating that passing is permitted on the side with the broken line.

Parking Distance: Fire Hydrant

A minimum required parking clearance distance of $10\text{ feet}$.

Parking Distance: Crosswalk

A minimum required parking clearance distance of $25\text{ feet}$.

Parking Distance: Stop Sign or Railroad Crossing

A minimum required parking clearance distance of $50\text{ feet}$.

Parking Distance: Fire House

A minimum required parking clearance distance of $20\text{ feet}$ when parking on the same side of the street, and $75\text{ feet}$ when parking on the opposite side.

Standard Collision Prevention Formula

A three-part defensive driving guideline: 1. Be alert, 2. Be prepared, and 3. Act in time.

Space Cushion

The open distance kept around all sides of a vehicle to allow the driver adequate time to react to hazards.

3-Seconds-Plus Rule

A method to gauge following distance by choosing a fixed object and ensuring at least $3\text{ seconds}$ elapse after the lead vehicle passes it before your vehicle reaches it (increased to $4+\text{ seconds}$ in poor weather).

One Car Length Rule

A following distance guideline to keep at least one car length (approximately $20\text{ feet}$) back for every $10\text{ mph}$ of speed.

Highway Hypnosis

A trance-like state caused by staring at one single object for more than a few seconds while driving, prevented by scanning the road continuously and resting every two hours.

Hydroplaning

A condition starting around $35\text{ mph}$ and fully occurring up to $55\text{ mph}$ where vehicle tires ride up on a thin film of water and lose total road contact.

Skidding

A loss of traction caused by sudden turns, hard braking, or fast acceleration on slick surfaces; corrected by taking the foot off the gas and steering in the direction the rear is skidding.

Brake Failure Response

The procedure of shifting to a lower gear and pumping the brake pedal fast and hard, followed by a cautious application of the emergency/parking brake if that fails.

Tire Blowout Response

The safety procedure of holding the steering wheel firmly, keeping the vehicle straight, easing off the gas pedal to slow down naturally, and avoiding the brakes.

Stuck Gas Pedal Response

The safety response of keeping eyes focused on the road, shifting the transmission into Neutral (N), and steering off the roadway to a safe spot before stopping the engine.

Vehicle Floating Time

The approximate duration of $3\text{ to }10\text{ minutes}$ that a submerged vehicle will float with its doors and windows closed before sinking.