Adaptive immunity1
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16 Terms
what is the most abundant antibody found human serum?
iGg
Describe the structure of an IGg antibody
contains two identical chains heavy chains and light chains linked by disulphide bonds
which region on the antibody do the antigens bind?
n termius/ fab/variable region
what region does the antibody bind to the phagocytes?
fc regions
how is the fab region specific to one antigen?
the amino acid sequence of each fab region is different
what does the position of the disulphide bridge in antibodies tell us?
tells us about the serum half life and the tissue distribution
how many binding sites does the igM antibody have?
10 binding sites
what are epitomes on antigens?
areas on the surface of the antigen where antibodies can bind
what is the significance of the idiotype region of an antibody?
has a hypervariable amino acid sequence which will determine the specificity of an eptitope on an antigen
what is the significance of the isotype region of an antibody in different species?
the isotypes region is specific for each species
where do human B-cells mature?
in the spleen
what two cells can the b- cells differentiate into if it binds with an antigen?
plasma cells and b - memory cells
what does the clonal selection model explain?
b cells can only form antibodies for a given epitope of an antigen
during a primary adaptive response what antigen is primarily secreted? and why?
IgM as they have more binding sites so it increases the chance of binding
describe the classical complement pathways intiated by antibodies?
antibody opsimises the cell. c1 binds to the anitbody, then c4 and c2 binds to give c3 convertase equialvent which converts c3 to c3a and c3b. c3a acts as a chemotaxis molcules and also cause the deegranulation of mast cells. c3b opsonizing the antibody making it a target for phagocytosis
if the bacteria is gram negative what happens to the complement pathway?
the cascade continues to form c5 convertase which releases c5 and forms the mac complex which release perforins which forms a hole in the cell wall