Ap bio questions

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

a. Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms?

d. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

c. Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

d. An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

c. Ribosomes

Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?

a. Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA.

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

d. Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.

The model below shows the structure of a portion of a plasma membrane in an animal cell.Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospholipid molecules in this model?

b. The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and external environments.

Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell?

a. Embedded in the plasma membrane

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?

c. Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.

A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly rehydrate patients. A drop of the blood from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBCs) were observed under a microscope. Three possible outcomes are diagrammed below.Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?

c. View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells

A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A?

a. Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

Cells contain smaller components called organelles that are necessary for a cell's survival. Organelle functions have often been compared to components of larger systems.Which of the following functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is explained by the structural differences between them?

d. Rough ER can synthesize and package proteins for export, and smooth ER cannot.

The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the

e. mitochondrion

Which of the following best explains how molecules such as O2 and CO2 can move across the membrane of a cell?

b. The majority of the cell membrane is nonpolar, which allows small, nonpolar molecules to freely cross.

Which of the following are characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

e. Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA

A model of the plasma membrane showing several biological molecules, including a transmembrane protein, is shown in Figure 1.Which statement best explains why correct protein folding is critical in the transmembrane protein shown above?

a. Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane.

Which of the following accurately describes a model of active transport?

c.

Which two cellular organelles in eukaryotes have both electron transport systems and chemiosmotic mechanisms?

c. Chloroplasts and mitochondria

A student used a microscope to observe a wet-mount slide of red onion epidermal cells that were suspended in a 1% NaCl solution. The student then added a 15% NaCl solution to the slide and observed the changes that occurred. The student's observations are represented in Figure 1.Which of the following most directly explains the changes in the cells?

c. The movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into the solution

Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?

a. Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules.

The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

a. It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cells.

Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes?

a. Simple diffusion through the membrane

Cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes. Cholesterol molecules are often delivered to body cells by the blood, which transports the molecules in the form of cholesterol-protein complexes. The complexes must be moved into the body cells before the cholesterol molecules can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes.Based on the information presented, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a buildup of cholesterol molecules in the blood of an animal?

b. The animal's body cells are defective in endocytosis.

A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell.The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change.Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

b. Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?

a. It would gain mass.

The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?

b. The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.

An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?

c. Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement.

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

d. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes both contain ribosomes, but the ribosomes of eukaryotes are more complex in structure than those of prokaryotes.

Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above?

c. Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?