Synaptogenesis and Neurotransmitter Function

Synaptogenesis

Formation of synapses between neurons

Neurotransmitter release

Process triggered by calcium influx, causing transmitter release

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic neuron

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron

Chemical Synapses

Synaptic connections where neurotransmitters are released

Electrical Synapses

Synaptic connections allowing direct electrical communication

Gap Junction Channel

Structure composed of two connexons, facilitating electrical transmission

Neurotrophic factors

Proteins supporting neuronal survival, growth, and maturation

Astrocytes

Cells regulating synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance

Adhesion molecules

Proteins mediating synaptic communication and stabilization

Neurexins

Synaptic adhesion proteins stabilizing initial contacts between neurons

Neuroligins

Synaptic adhesion proteins interacting with scaffolding proteins