Properties of Matter Study Guide

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What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What are two ways we classify matter?

The particles that make up the matter and the properties of the particles.

What are physical properties of matter?

Matter can be observed and measured WITHOUT changing the composition.

Extensive physical properties

Properties of matter change depending on amount of matter present

Intensive physical properties

Properties of matter never change, no matter how much of substance is available

Examples of extensive physical properties

Mass, volume, size, and length.

Examples of Intensive physical properties

Boiling point, color, hardness, luster, temperature, and DENSITY.

Chemical properties of matter

Properties of matter can combine/react with other types of matter.

Examples of chemical properties of matter

Substances and mixtures

What are substances?

Elements and Compounds. Entirely 1 type of particle (atom/molecule). Uniform and unchanging composition.

What is an element?

One type of atom

What is a compound?

Two or more types of atoms chemically combined in a specific ratio.

What is a mixture?

2 or more types of particles. Substances put together with no reaction.

Differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures

Heterogeneous = different throughout

Homogeneous = same throughout

Examples of homogeneuss mixtures

Water, alloys, kool-aid, saltwater, steel, air

Examples of heterogeneous mixtures

Trail mix, cereal, soil, soda

Physical change

Chemical composition of substance remains the same

Examples of physical change

Breaking, cutting, boiling, melting, evaporating, etc

Chemical change

Different composition at the molecular level

Examples of chemical changes

Distinct change in color, formation of gas bubbles, production of smell/color, change in temperature, change in mass

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed. Mr=Mp

Law of Definite proportions

Percent by mass = (mass of element)/(mass of compound) x 100%

If two compounds are made up of the same percent by mass of the same element, then they are the same compound

Law of Multiple proportions

Compound can also be composed of same element but in different proportions, they are different compounds

What is an alloy?

Special type of solution formed when a metal solid is combined with another solid element.

Hand separation

Separation of components of mixture by hand/tweaser

Sieve separation

Mixture placed through different progressively smaller screens (separates particles by size)

Magnetic separation

Components must be magnetic. Metal magnet collects metal/magnetic components.

Filtration

Separation of solid components from liquid mixtures if solid is NOT dissolved.

Crystallization

Separation of solid from liquid if solid is dissolved. Water removed from solution.

Distillation

Mixture made of 2 or more liquids. Difference of boiling points.

Chromatography

Separation of 2 liquids, but different solubility. The higher on paper = more soluble