psych unit 3

formal operational period

• 12+

• thinking more logically

• hypothetical reasoning

• scientific thought

Tests for formal operational thinking

• Pendulum problem

• Three eye problem

Adolescent thinking

• Thinking about possibilities

• Abstract concepts

• Thinking

• Multiple dimensions

• Adolescent relativismism

Thinking about possibilities

• Abstract/theoretical formulation

• Problem-solving improves

• Better arguing

• Hypothetical thinking

Thinking about abstract concepts

• Relationships, politics philosophy, religion, morality

• Understanding jokes

Thinking about thinking

• Called metacognition

• Understanding/explaining strategies and problem-solving

• Increased introspection

• Increased self-consciousness

Personal fables

• This will not happen to me

Imaginary audience

• Everyone will notice this

Thinking in multiple dimensions

• Consider several dimensions simultaneously

• Social domain- not just what is said, but facial expressions and tone

• Understanding and using sarcasm

Adolescence relativism

• Many interpretations

• Promote skepticism and doubt

G stanley Hall and adolescence

• Storm and stress- turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

  
  

puberty vs adolescence

• puberty ends b4 adolescence

• puberty is important marker for beginning adolescence

signs of puberty

• sexual maturation

• hight and weight increase

• menarche- first menstruation

• hormonal changes

early maturation girls

• Smoking and drinking

• Depression

• Eating disorder

• Independence

• Earlier dating and sexual experiences

early maturation boy

• More successful, peer relations

late maturation boy

• In 30s had stronger sense of identity

adolescent brain structure vs child

• Pruning- fewer more selective neural connections than they did as children

• Structural changes

sexuality changes in adolescence

• forming sense of sexual identity

• sexual orientation

Critical juncture

• Adopting behaviors that are relevant to health

leading cause of death in adolescence

• injury, homicide and suicide

Erikson theory of identity

• Identity versus identity, confusion

• Who they are what they are all about and where they are going in life

• Psychosocial moratorium

• Experiment with different roles in personalities

Marcia’s expansion of Eriksons theory

• For stratus of identity: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement

• Identity diffusion- not yet experienced crisis or made any commitments

• Identity foreclosure- made commitments, but not experienced a crisis

• Identity moratorium- midst of crisis and commitments are absent

• Identity achievement- undergone crisis and made commitment

Ethnic identity

Enduring aspect of the self that includes sense of membership in an ethnic group along with attitudes and feelings related to membership

Parent adolescent relationship

• 
  

Peer relationship changes

• Changes in friendships, peer groups, beginning, romantic relations

Types of peer relationships

• friendships

Rite of passage

Theories of delinquency

Patterns of suicide